Q Well, did you maintain your relations with Professor Schilling?
A When I wont to Switzerland I exchanged letters with him from time to time, and in later years too, but that was very rarely. My main connection in Berlin in tho field of tropical medicine was Professor Ziemann of the University whoso successor at tho University I became.
Q Then, at the Robert Koch Institute you became Professor Schilling's successor. How did that come about?
A In 1936 Professor Schilling reached the legal age limit and had to retire. He would liked to have his senior assistant become his successor, but Zieman, above all, spoke for me and tho Ministry decided in my favor. Then there were negotiations back and forth for while about the conditions, and on tho 1st of October, 1936, I formally became his successor, but three days later I went on leave. I went on a trip through Africa for one year which I have already mentioned. During this year Professor Schilling represented me. That is, in effect, nothing was changed in tho department during that year. Only on paper had conditions changed.
Q Well, what did Mr. Schilling work on?
A Professor Schilling, all his life, worked on protozoan infections. Above all, trypanozoan infections, including sleeping sickness, and especially protozoa immunity. Protozoans, in contract to bacteria and virus, are animals.
Q What did you know about Schilling's work?
A I probably read most of his papers. In the course of years he had developed a theory about protozoa immunity which the majority of his fellow specialists in Germany and abroad rejected. But Schilling, who was a very suggestible personality, had great success in convincing laymen of the correctness of his opinions. I experienced this when I was in Tanganyika. He had, with tho support of the English Colonial Ministry, attempted to immunize cattle against the Tse-tse disease. A specialist, a director of the veterinary administration, did not believe in Schilling's success. The governor in Daressalam was definitely a follower of Schilling.
I experienced the same thing on the Gold Coast where the governor, who knew Schilling quite well, was a great follower of his ideas. But, among his colleagues, he had some who shared his views but the majority did not consider them right, and I was among this majority. I always rejected Schilling's idea about protozoa immunity.
Q But ho was able to work on in this field although the majority of his colleagues rejected his ideas?
MR. HARDY: Your Honor, this line of questioning as to the matters concerning Schilling's work seem to mo to be immaterial and are extraneous matters. The defendant is charged with having collaborated or assisted Schilling in his work at Dachau, and it seems to mo that the examination of Rose could be very limited and it could follow the line of whether or not ho worked with, collaborated with, or assisted in any way at the experiments in Dachau. His full explanations concerning technical matters of malaria are immaterial and I object.
THE PRESIDENT: What is the object of this examination, counsel? What is it intended to prove before this Tribunal?
DR. FRITZ: Mr. President, I must say in respect to the prosecutor's objection to support the charges the prosecution has submitted a few documents, for example, a document in which the treatment of the witness Vieweg in Dachau is described which is supposed to show that Professor Rose was connected with the infection of the witness with malaria. The subject is not so simple that one can go right medias res, but in view of the difficulty of the matter I must lead up to it gradually.
THE PRESIDENT: Some of the preliminary questions might be relevant, but it seems to me you are pursuing them to a length which is not enlightening to the Tribunal. You may proceed, but try to formulate questions which are relevant to the issues to be determined BY DR. FRITZ:
Q How did schilling carry out his malaria work?
A I had already said that ho worked on questions of protozoa immunity. Malaria is a protozoa disease. In his last years at the Robert Koch Institute, Schilling did work on protective vaccinations against malaria, together with his subordinates. Schilling belonged to the Malaria commission of the Hygiene Section of the League of Nations. He worked primarily on the insane in the customary sphere of therapeutic malaria, but he must have had volunteer experimental subjects too because when Schilling left Berlin I had to continue treatment of a number of experimental subjects of Schilling's. They were generally medical students and internes.
Q Where did Professor Schilling go after he left Berlin?
AAs far as I recall, that was in 1938. He had convinced his Italian friends of the importance of protective vaccination against malaria, and the Italian Government gave him the opportunity to work in an insane asylum in Florence. He was also given a financial subsidy by the Reich Ministry of the Interior.
Q What do you yourself know about this work?
A Schilling, at intervals, sent reports from Italy to the Reich Ministry of the interior. These work reports were passed on to the Robert Koch Institute. I had to write a comment on them each time. That was always an unpleasant task because I personally considered Schilling's ideas wrong. Unfortunately, I could not explain why I hold this opinion. In all his reports, Schilling was enthusiastic about the results he had had up to that time and in the next report came the disappointments, but he was just as enthuasiastic again about the new ideas which he had worked out, even if those concerned were not much convinced about its prospects, but according to the general principle of freedom of research and freedom of science no one interfered. He was allowed to continue his work because, in the scientific research, progress consists of an individual proving what everyone else has thought, up to that time, is wrong, and the majority has been wrong so often in tho history of science that one has become very tolerant in that.
THE PRESIDENT: Counsel, the Tribunal now will be in recess until 1:30 o'clock.
(A recess was taken until 1330 hours.)
AFTERNOON SESSION (The Tribunal reconvened at 1330 hours, 23 April 1947)
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal is again in session.
GERHARD ROSE-Resumed DIRECT EXAMINATION(Continued)
THE PRESIDENT: As I informed counsel for the Defendant Rose during the noon recess, the defendant will have this afternoon within which to complete his testimony in his defense in chief. If the Defendant Rose's testimony is not finished by the time of adjournment this afternoon, the defendant may be allowed to file affidavits to supplement that, but his testimony in chief must be closed with the session this afternoon.
Counsel may proceed.
BY DR. FRITZ (Counsel for the Defendant Rose):
Q. Professor, after knowing everything about Dr. Schilling's work were you convinced that his work was carried oat without any objection being raised, and upon what was your conviction based?
A. I was quite convinced of that, and I had the best opportunity of getting acquainted with his post. He had been working at the Robert Koch Institute for 29 years. His work methods there were well-known and were always without any fault. Before that he had been Colonial physician and from that period of time his work was always unobjectionable. I, myself, read the report about his work with the Italian government. This work was carried out in an unobjectionable manner, as far as that being apparent from the report. It was a matter of course that the malaria experiments, be experiments on human beings, without resorting to the experiment on human beings.
There is no other scientific method. In history you find that malaria experiments were either carried out on insane people or on volunteers. The first period lasts from 1920 to 1921 when you had the volunteers, and then one found the malaria treatment of insane people and there you found a community of work between marariologists and psychiatrists.
Q. How did it come about that the work of Dr. Schilling was interrupted in Italy and you went to Dachau?
A. I can only tell you how I officially got to know about these matters. My knowledge does not cover itself with the description as it is given in document book number 4. When giving my description I shall clearly distinguish from what I know from my own personal knowledge and what I know from hearsay. There was a rumor in Berlin in the year 1941 that Schilling had difficulties with the Italian government. In the fall or the winter of 1941 the physician with whom I had worked during the resettlement period approached me on the following matter. He said that he was in Rome on an official trip accompanying Professor Conti. He said that the German ambassador introduced Schilling to Dr. Conti and Schilling then told Conti about his work in the Italian insane asylum. He described his results as very good and full of hope. Conti was very enthusiastic and then became very excited over the situation where such a well-known German scientist could not find any place in Germany. Conti then made promises to Schilling. My confidential agent was a little sceptical and asked me what I thought about Schilling's work. I voiced my misgivings about his work, misgivings which I could not testify to here, and of which a number of other tropical hygienists agreed with me.
Q. Did you receive any official report about this meeting?
A. No, Officially I heard nothing about these events. I only found out that the Ministry of the Interior had sent a report to the Robert Koch Institute containing a request by Dr. Schilling that he be furnished a new laboratory and that he be given assistance.
Q. And what happened to this request?
A. Professor Gildemeister telephoned me, and in spite of my military work he asked me to write an opinion. He said that this was a very awkward situation, and that Conti had made promises, and was rather worried over the fact that his assistants were not as enthusiastic as he was. He said he had no idea that Knowledge was available in the Ministry about Schilling's work for years. I than wrote and asked that this opinion be made available here from the documents of the Reich Ministry of the Interior.
At that time I studied this work very thoroughly. I read through all the maleria files of Schilling. I read through his entire work regarding protosone immunity, and subsequently wrote this opinion I mentioned, which I sent to the Ministry of the Interior and which contained five principal points. Firstly, that from what human beings call a protective vaccination against maleria is impossible. Secondly, in case this should be possible by applying Schillings method against all expectations this would only have a theoretical meaning, because practically this method could not be carried out to any large extent. This was further explained in the third point to which I cannot refer now owing to lack of time. Then I wrote that Schilling had worked on this problem for over 40 years, and according to general experience it was highly improbable that a researcher who had not found a solution within 40 years would find it after having concluded his 70th year. Finally, from the point of view of War, I emphasized that even if Schilling's suggestion could have some theoretical interest one would use that there was a War on and that material and personnel was scarce. Therefore it could not be justified that material and personnel be made available to him. I think on very rare occasions is anyone justified an objection to the extent I did at that time, and at the end of the opinion I wrote, and you must see that when you find it, that I was 30 years younger than Schilling, and it was a very unpleasant duty for me to write any unfavorable opinion about the work of such a well known tropical physician. I therefore asked that no such opinion be asked from me in the future. According to frau Block's testimony this opinion was then sent into the Ministry of the Interior.
Q. Did you later concern yourself with this matter?
A. I have heard now that there was a conference about that subject in the Ministry of the Interior, however I did not participate in that conference.
Q. In this stage of the matter was the thought pronounced that Professor Schilling was going to execute the examinations that were planned by him in a concentration camp?
A. According, to my knowledge there was no mention of that made either orally or in writing, and I learned nothing further about the development of this matter. I therefore cannot say whether Schillings's description can be found in Document 356, Exhibit 125, which is to be found in Document Book 4, page 6. I don't know whether this description is correct. I only know about this short excerpt in my opinion, which I already mentioned. Upon whose request Schilling got into contact with Himmler I do not know.
Q. When did you plan that Professor Schilling was working in Dachau?
A. I cannot say that with any amount of certainty. Probably when members of my department told mo that Schilling had asked for anophyles, and that this question had been granted, on this occasion I heard for the first time that in spite of my opinion he had received some possibility to work, and he also carried out that work at Dachau.
Q. Did you then consider under what conditions and on what circles of persons Schilling was carrying out his experiments; It must have been clear to you that he could only experiment on human beings; you must have known that in your capacity as a malarilogist?
A. That naturally was a matter of course. In the case of maleria there is no other experiment but the experiment on human beings, but since I was not to participate I didn't think much about how he was proceeding in detail. I knew that Schilling had worked for 40 years in an unobjectionable way, and I had no reason to assume that he would change in any way. I therefore had to assume that he was either carrying out maleria injections for therapeutical reasons or that he received the approval of the experimental subjects, as it was the case before. I thought also this was a matter of course that he would receive such approval because of the maleria experiments that were carried out throughout the world up to the years of 1920 and 1921, which were carried out without any research or having any difficulty in getting the experimental subjects. In addition the document which was submitted by Dr. Servatius proved that hundreds of volunteers were found in American prisons. Why should it be any different in Germany? This was a matter of course, and I didn't think about this matter as long as it takes me to discuss it here. One after all must have some reason in order to start getting suspicious. Whether or not one can be of a different opinion as to the voluntary nature of such inmates is a different chapter entirely; but that does not only refer to the voluntary aspect of Schilling's experimental subjects, but it refers to the voluntary aspect of subjects in medical experiments generally. Now, if you start criticizing that work in detail there is very much you can say about it. At any rate I had no knowledge under what conditions or under what prerequisites Schilling was working at Dachau, and it constitutes a great surprise to me to learn from the documents in this trial that Schilling allegedly carried out experiments on thousands of people, particularly since it was characteristic for his previous work that he was only working with small numbers of people.
So much so that the accusation was raised against him by his opponents that his conclusions were built on an insufficient basis.
Q. In that connection Schilling did not discuss his experimental plans with you?
A. No, there was never any conversation about that. He never corresponded with me about it. In the year of 1937 when I took over his department we once had a discussion as to how I was to continue his work. On that occasion with due respect to his age and prestige I told him that I was of a different opinion in questions of Potozone immunity, and that I wouldn't continue the work in the same direction as he. Schilling know exactly that I was his scientific opponent in questions of maleria immunity.
Q. But according to the testimony of the witness Viehweg he allegedly turned to you for advise when he had difficulty in breeding the mosquitoes. In that case he actually turned to his opponent for advise?
A. Well, I was not his personal enemy. I was only opposing him basically in this one scientific question. If one is of a different opinion in scientific questions one endeavors to be particularly polite towards one another, so that his opposition in this one sphere would not assume a personal character. I at no time had any personal differences with Schillings. On this question of mosquitoes and eggs and with reference to advise other view points play a part which have nothing at all to do my person.
Schilling did not actually turn to me, but turned to my assistant. That of course does not change my responsibility in the least, because I am naturally responsible for everything my assistant did with or without my knowledge. I always emphasized towards Gildemeister that I wanted to remain the master at the Tropical Department during the war, and naturally I am fully responsible for whatever has happened there. We are concerned with the following things: Schilling had worked with the Robert Koch Institute for 29 years. An assistant was working at my department who had been his personal assistant for 20 years, and whom I had taken over. It was naturally very natural that he turned to her whenever he needed some little technical help, that is the main reason why he turned to my department. He just as well could have turned to any other Institution in Germany, because there were several other institutions from where he could get maleria strains and mosquitoes.
DR. FRITZ: Mr. President, I have an affidavit from this assistant which Professor Rose mentioned, and it can be found in Rose Document Book 3 on page 16 to 20. I repeat this is Rose Document 35, which I offer as Rose Exhibit No. 32. I should like to start reading it from paragraph 2, page 1. We are concerned with the assistant, Erna von Falkenhayn. I quote:
"At present I am an assistant at the Robert Koch Institute at pfafferede, near Muehlhausen (Thuringia).
"I was, as an assistant at the Robert Koch Institute, a coworker of Professor Klaus Schilling for nearly two decades, i. e. until he left the institute on reaching the retirement age in 1937.
"I therefore knew that Professor Schilling worked for decades on the problem of protozoa immunity. He especially worked on the immunization of the bovine tse-tse disease, and, when these efforts did not bring forth a final satisfactory result, he turned to the immunity problems of malaria and continued to work on this subject after being pensioned off. The work was then made possible by the aid of the Italian government and later on, of the SS, and was performed outside the Robert Koch Institute.
"I know that professor Rose, who became Professor Schilling's successor at the Robert Koch Institute, had a very negative and critical attitude toward Professor Schilling's immunity experiments. This opinion of Professor Rose's was shared, among others, by the old and experienced scientist for tropical medicine F. K. Kleine, a former president of the Robert Koch Institute, who did not conceal this attitude from Professor Schilling.
"When Professor Schilling left, I was taken over as an assistant by Professor Rose and remained there as one of his assistants until the dissolution of the tropical department at the end of 1943. Therefore, I also know of the work of the department under Professor Rose in the years from 1937 until it was dissolved and converted into the Department for Fever Therapy of the Luftwaffe in the year of 1943 I continued my work as one of Professor Rose's assistants, also in the Department for Fever Therapy, until the end of the war.
"The Department for Tropical Medicine never worked with typhus virus, nor did the Department for Fever Therapy. Professor Rose took no interest in the typhus research of the Robert Koch Institute, as Professor Gildemeister personally was in charge of the department, which at that time was exclusively authorized to carry on typhus research.
Professor Gildemeister kept the department in absolute seclusion owing for one thing to the existing danger of infection. For two more reasons I am convinced that Professor Rose had no knowledge of the work of the typhus department: firstly, because the relations between Professor Gildemeister and Professor Rose were rather strained ones, and secondly because the older scientists more that others were always anxious not to make their experiments public knowledge prematurely, and always instructed their assistants to this effect.
"In 1943, Professor Rose became vice-president of the Robert Koch Institute. He, however, never executed this office, as he only occasionally and at quite irregular intervals, visited his own department, the Department for Tropical Medicine, and that only in order not to be obliged to entirely give up the department and to discontinue the research work. His military activity had assumed too large a scope. Professor Gildemeister, who had no previous knowledge of Professor Rose's appointment as vice-president, would certainly not have appreciated a close cooperation with him either owing to the aforementioned strained relations between the two gentlemen. When Professor Gildemeister occasionally was absent, he was deputized by Professor Boecker.
"In spring of 1942 Professor Schilling asked me for mosquito eggs. He chose to turn to me owing to our long time cooperation and because he probably knew that Professor Rose was with the Wehrmacht. I sent him anopheles eggs at that time, asked him, however, to direct further requests to Miss Lange, who was in charge of the mosquito cultures. I only know that Miss Lange, upon written requests by Professor Schilling, sent further mosquitoes or mosquito eggs to him. I do not know, however, either the dates or the number of the consignments, but I believe that they were all in 1942. Professor Schilling did not receive further material of any kind from the Department for Fever Therapy.
"I only know that Professor Schilling, after receiving my consignment, wrote that the mosquitoes were getting along well. The later correspondence went via Miss Lange, and on occasion of such new requests Professor Schilling may have asked for advise regarding the breeding of mosquitoes.
"We supplied mosquitoes and mosquito eggs also to other users for breeding and teaching purposes. I recall for instance such a delivery to the Military Medical Academy in Scharnhorststrasse. Further details are not known to me as Miss Lange was competent for these matters. My main task was to conduct current investigations especially with regard to the research on emoeba and part of Professor Rose's tremateda research.
"Professor Rose had nothing to do with individual consignments since malaria and the supply of mosquitoes belonged to the routine work of the department. Also, he was present too seldom, and often he could not even be reached by telephone. Such deliveries were made on the basis of his general order and under his official responsibility. I informed him of the delivery of mosquitoes to Professor Schilling and I also showed him Professor Schilling's letter. He consented.
"The malaria research of Professor Rose, starting from the time when he joined the Robert Koch Institute as a professor, was conducted exclusively in cooperation with institutions for the insane and other hospitals as part of the so-called therapeutic malaria work, the curative fever treatment. The patients who were to be infected were selected by other physicians. Our department supplied the infected mosquitoes, often performed the infection also and evaluated the subsequent malaria cases from the standpoint of malariology, while the treatment of the patient remained in the hands of the attending physician.
"In addition, the assistant physicians conducted malaria experiments on themselves. Finally, in the course of years, all employees of the department, who were in contact with the malaria research work, contracted the disease through unintentional laboratory infections.
These things can hardly be avoided in the course of such research work.
"I know that Professor Rose once intentionally infected himself with bilberziolle and subsequently suffered from a strong eosinephile reaction.
"Pfefferade, 22 February 1947." (Signed) Erna von Falkenhayn.
Then follows the signature and the certification.
From this affidavit it becomes apparent that you furnished mosquitoes and mosquitoes eggs to other agencies; is there anything else you have to say in this connection?
A Well, before answering your question, I should like to make some remarks about this Document No. 35. On page 19 it says in the third paragraph that I was informed that Professor Schilling received these mosquitoes and that the letter was shown to me, where he says that the mosquitoes were getting on alright and that I then consented. Miss Block, in her testimony here, said something which seems to be in contradiction with that statement. She said that I was worried about that and that I forbade further material being given to Schilling. This is an external contradiction, but it can easily be cleared up. Upon seeing Schilling's letter and upon hearing that he had these mosquitoes, I could not very well sent a letter to him asking him to send these mosquitoes back to me. Sending these mosquitoes back and forth, I am sure that not many would have remained alive and really there was no reason here to start a big row. Insofar as that went, I agreed with the matter. The description as given by Frau Block is quite right because at that time we only had scarce personnel and the malaria requirements by clinics were increasingly progressively. Furthermore my department did current experimental work on malaria and we had just started to work with DDT and enormous number of mosquitoes were used in that connection. I was really very annoyed that mosquitoes were furnished for a purpose which I considered to be useless. That in itself should be a clarification of this contradiction, none of these ladies are telling an untruth as both ladies are actually correct.
Q When you were just speaking about the useless purpose, this meant that the question which Professor Schilling tried to solve could not be solved according to your opinion?
A That was my old opposition, namely that I did not believe in the possibility of a protective vaccination against malaria and what I had read in Schilling's request that he wanted to continue this work about protective vaccinations in his new laboratory.
Well, let us now turn to the question as to whether I furnish any mosquitoes elsewhere; it was really the normal task of my department. You find it currently in the yearly reports and a certain fund had been made ready in order to institute an agency to which every physician could turn who needed malaria mosquitoes. All he had to do was to write there and then be furnished with malaria. This is why we had Miss von Falkenhayn. We only paid her in order to send malaria to clinics and various other physicians. Naturally, my department was not the only source for malaria and mosquitoes. The witness Viehweg said here expressly that Professor Schilling had received mosquitoes from a number of other sources. That obviously was the consequence of my general directive, namely that if Schilling if he wrote once more, nothing more should be furnished to Schilling because we needed these things ourselves. The result is quite clear, he wrote to someone else and received his material.
Q. Did you send any malaria strains to Professor Schilling?
A. I don't know that personally, but among the strains which were mentioned by Viehweg one originated from my department. From my own knowledge I would answer this question in the negative, but in the meantime you have received a report from Miss von Falkenhayn which is not contained in the affidavit to the effect that at one time a malaria strain was furnished to Schilling, hence I know that since Miss von Falkenhayn is a credible person I have to answer that question with "yes," but not of my own knowledge. I think, however, this source is credible.
Q. How is it that you did not know a malaria strain was sent away from your department?
A. Well, it is quite natural. It can be seen from the earlier reports of the departments that currently malaria strains and mosquitoes were furnished to all sorts of places. This was an every day affair. Naturally in peace time I would have learned about that. Then I looked at all of the letters and all of the requests or I signed the consignment paper, or something of that nature. In war time that became impossible. Then these items were handled according to the general directive, after I gave them, and since I never explicitly forbade malaria strains to be sent to Professor Schilling, his application was naturally fulfilled, because why, after all, should Schilling be treated worse than any other physical in Germany. Nobody else had any misgivings in sending malaria strains to Schilling, because the witness Viehweg testified here he was working with twelve different strains. One of these strains was bred by him personally, and one, according to Von Falkenhayn's testimony, originated from my department, and the other ten he received from different sources. A number of these sources were enumerated by Viehweg in his testimony.
Q. The witness Viehweg was speaking about a Rose culture with which he himself was infected. Is that the culture which originated in your department?
A. No, certainly not. At no time did I allow my name to be given to any culture. I don't even know a culture Rose in malaria, literature. From where it comes and who gave it that name I don't know. It is improbable that Schilling would have called a culture which he received from my department, according to Miss Von Falkenhayn's statement, it is improbable because malariologists do not do this. My department naturally furnished this strain in the proper manner by giving the number of the passage and the number of the group, as it was usually done, and as a rule the name is not altered because otherwise there would be a terrific mix-up in literature if you find this strain appearing under different names. Naturally, whenever such malaria strains were sent to clinics, one could never know what was going to happen to it, because you find no malariologist today who a bides by rules. My employees have ascertained in insane asylums in Berlin repeatedly that they encountered malaria strains with unknown names. That interested us very much and we looked at the source and found that it was a well-known strain, which the psychiatrist just left un-named, but it really doesn't make any difference whether the strain Rose came from my department or any other. At any rate he received one strain from my department and that suffices.
Q. The witness Viehweg states that Professor Schilling was receiving malaria strains in blood form, as well as in mosquito form. Did you ever furnish it in blood form?
A. My laboratory never furnished it in blood form. We only sent out infected mosquitoes. In the case of transmittal of blood there is always the danger that the disease is simultaneously transmitted, and since most people who get malaria treatment also suffer from syphilis, one has to count with that possibility. In the case of transmittal of the mosquitoes, any such simultaneous transmittal of syphilis is impossible, and I guaranteed when sending my mosquitoes that I was only transmitting malaria and that the infection would start and that the strains which I was sending out were actually harmless.
That is why such hospitals turned to my department, who didn't want to treat people suffering from syphilis with malaria, who wanted to treat other patients, and the Wehrmacht had ordered in their service regulations that malaria was to be gotten from me when carrying out their post diptheria work.
DR. FRITZ: Mr. President, what the defendant Rose just said can be seen from Rose document 36, which you will find on Rose document book No. 3. I already offered it as Rose Exhibit No. 10 and on pages 51 and 52 of the document book, you will find a directive for the treatment of post diptheria paralysis with induced malaria. On the preceding pages you will find the scientific foundation for these directives and at the end on page 52 one realizes the correctness of Professor Rose's statement that the furnishing of infected mosquitoes was a routine matter in this department of the Robert Koch Institute. It says there, and I quote the last paragraph:
"The department for tropical diseases of the Robert Koch Institute is willing, in accordance with previous arrangement, to place at the disposal of Wehrmacht hospitals, free of charge, infected mosquitoes from their anapholes colony. It would be best to employ a courier for their transportation."
Do you think it is possible, Professor, that the strain Rose mentioned by Professor Viehweg was given a different name in the hospitals somewhere else?
A. That is naturally possible. One can expect anything from a clinical study, they could do anything with a malaria strain.
Q. Did you gain any knowledge about Professor Schillings work and results?
A. Since Schilling concluded his work in Italy I no longer saw a report by him and I never heard any one else who received any reports. The first I heard of it was Viehweg's testimony to the effect that Schilling sent a report to the Reichsarzt SS Grawitz, and I had no connection with Mr. Grawitz. We further heard that such reports also were sent to Himmler.