THE MARSHAL: All persons in the courtroom will please take their seats.
Tribunal No. II is again in session.
THE PRESIDENT: The record will show that all defendants have been present in Court throughout the session today.
MR. McHANEY: May it please the Tribunal, before presenting documents from the last document book, I think it might be appropriate if I summed up in a few words the purpose of the putting in the proof in document books 13, Ip and 20. It is outlined much more actually in txat portion of the opening statement dealing with the extermination of Jews. But I think it might be well, for the purpose of clarity, to restate in broad outline again here what these document books prove.
The Tribunal will recall the first number of documents in Book No. 18 outline the policy of the Third Reich dealing with the extermination of the Jews. That, of course, was a matter which was dealt with at great length in Case No. I before the I.M.T; and we used a highly selective process in picking out documents to offer in this case, and we showed the three main ways in which extermination was carried out.
Firstly, by the Einsatzgruppen, operating primarily in the East: In Russia, and in the Baltic countries. And a very, very large number of Jews were exterminated by those Einsatzgruppen. They were composed primarily of police forces from personnel from the RSHA, and from personnel under the jurisdiction of the Higher SS and Police Leaders in the Occupied Territories. The second way -and really there is only one other primary way in which they were exterminated -- was in the so-called extermination camps, and there were two large areas in which Jews were exterminated. Firstly, in the concentration camp Auschwitz which has always -- at least after 3 March 1942 -- been under the control of the WVHA; and that was where probably the greatest number of Jews were killed.
And we put in the affidavit of Hoess. You also heard the testimony of a number of witnesses concerning the Jewish exterminations in Auschwitz.
The other large area of the extermination was around Lublin, in Poland, and there we had the extermination camps under the SS and Police Leader Globocnik. And the Tribunal will recall the names Treblinka, Maidanek and Sobibor, and one or two others. Those were all extermination camps.
Later documents in Book Number 18 showed how the WVHA participated in this mass-extermination of so-called "undesirable" peoples. Auschwitz gave rise to no large problems because it was administratively under the control of the WVHA. In the concentration camps surrounding Lublin, we have put in considerable proof on the so-called Action Reinhardt. That action was divided into three parts: firstly, the deportation of the Jews from their normal locality which, by and large, was in ghettoes. The extermination started in the extermination camps in 1942. The Einsatzgruppen were operating in 1941 on, but, as I recall, the extermination camps in the Lublin areas were set up in 1942. By that time all the Jews in Poland and those in Russia -- as it was overrun -- were congregated in ghettoes. So the first phase of Action Reinhardt was to remove these Jews physically into the extermination camps. That part of Action Reinhardt we have not yet come to. The proof on it is contained in Book No. 20, and perhaps it is a little bit out of logical order there.
The second phase of Action Reinhardt was the utilization of personal property from these Jews who were evacuated into the extermination camps, and we have offered the orders of Pohl issued to Auschwitz and Lublin primarily which deal with the method in which this personal property was to be handled. The property was channeled from the extermination camps into Berlin and, administratively, was handled by Amtsgruppe A of the WVHA, first under the defendant Frank, and then under the defendant Fanslau.
The defendant Volk audited the accounts of Globocnik which dealt with the gathering together of all this personal property of the Jews in the Lublin area.
That was the second phase of Action Reinhardt. The mustering of personal property by Globocnik with the assistance of personnel put at the disposal by the defendant Pohl in the General Government of Poland.
The third part which was dealt with in Book No. 19 was the utilization of Jewish manpower. It goes without saying that all Jews who were brought into extermination camps were not killed there. The testimony has shown that there was a screening-out process: the children, the old women, those men unable to work for various reasons -- because of sickness or age -- they were picked out and exterminated.--Those able to work were not immediately exterminated -so the question arose: How shall this Jewish manpower be utilized? It was utilized in a large measure through the Ost industry. That was the purpose for which the Ost industry was established: to utilize the Jewish manpower in the area of Lublin.
However, the extermination phase of the whole action gradually and progressively over rode the utilization of man power and so it happened that on the 3d of November 1943 all the Jews employed by the Ost industries were exterminated. If the Tribunal can recall, which I doubt, on the sound tract of the film, Majdanek, it is stated by the commentator that a sonderaktion, or a Jewish extermination action took place on the 3rd of November 1943, in which I think some 18,000 Jews were killed. That was the reason the Ost industry was liquidated. The workers, the Jewish people working in Ost industries were taken out and killed in Majdanek and Treblinka. Consequently we see the documents here which show that Ost industry was progressively liquidated until there was only one plant left, and, as I recall, that was some glass plant which employed Poles and that was the only plant run with Non-Jewish labor so the glass works continued to operate. I think it was finally transferred to the DAW later in 1944. The Tribunal will also recall in connection with the utilization of personal property, the warehouses full of clothes and valuables. Various shots which were exhibited in the two films which we showed a week or so ago and the Tribunal will also recall the testimony of our witnesses who were in the camp of Auschwitz about the carloads of valuables which were shipped out there which in the camp were normally known as presents for Pohl. I come now then -- I might say in connection with Action Reinhardt and the taking away of valuables from the extermination camps to Berlin that a Reinhardt fund was established in the Reich bank and that again was under the administration of Frank and later, Fanslau and more personally directed by one of their subordinates in Amtsgruppe A, a man named Mauer and they accumulated between ten and twelve million Reichmarks on this Reinhardt Fund and that fund was utilized in a large measure to finance operations by Amtsgruppe W and the industries which were under their control and we shall put in some proof in Document Book No. 19 which shows that industries of Amtsgruppe W were financed out of the Reinhardt fund.
I think the financing went into the neighborhood of 8,000,000 Reichsmarks, if my memory serves me correctly.
I come now then to the last book, Book No. 20, which deals with the first part of Action Reinhardt, that is, the deportation of Jews from the Ghettos into the extermination camps and we have picked simply as a typical example the rather murderous closing of the Warsaw Ghetto in the first half of 1943. On page 1 of the Document book we have Document NO-1611 which will be Prosecution Exhibit 498. This is an order from Himmler, dated 9 October 1942 concerning the Ghetto in Warsaw. It is understood to concern a previous memorandum dealing with the substitution of Polish for Jewish labor. In this order, which was directed to the Defendant Pohl, this distribution list, which is on the second page to the Defendant Pohl, Krueger who was the higher SS Police Leader in the East and who had jurisdiction over the Warsaw area, to Globocnik, who was the SS and Police Leader in Lublin, and Reichsich, Heitshauptamt, RSHA and SS Obergruppenfuehrer Wolff. The Tribunal will recall that Milch testified in the Milch case. This order of Himmler stated that the Jews working in the tailoring, fur, and shoe making work shops in the Ghetto of Warsaw are to be gathered together in a concentration camp in Warsaw and in Lublic, by Krueger and Pohl. Several hundreds of Jews in the General Government, the order goes on to state, who are not in Armament industries are, if possible, to be assigned in the General Goverment and finally, it states that of course, there too the Jews will some day disappear in accordance with the Fuehrer's wishes. This document and a number of documents which all follow the sense that the Jews in Warsaw are to be taken out and removed to Lublin. In Warsaw in the Ghetto, there were a number of industries, which were important for the armament. They were bringing cloth for uniforms. They had taken over various other activities which were important for the German war effort, and by and large they were apparently under private control that is, they had provate industries, in which Jews were employed or operating in the confines of the Ghetto itself.
Himmler wanted to eliminate that. He wanted to get those people out of the Ghetto. He wanted to get them to Lublin under the jurisdiction of Lublin for Lublin's industries were operated by the WVHA, operated as it happened by the Ost industries and that sense runs through all the orders, which first order of 6 October 1942 wants to move out those Jews working in tailoring, fur and shoe shops. The Army gave some resistance to some extent, becuase they thought it would interrupt their flow of does our of Warsaw Ghetto. Himmler was able to override that by promising that this work would maintain their flow of goods by transferring the Jews to Lublin and the object of course was that then they would be under the control of the SS, under the control of the WVHA, under the control of Pohl and not under the control of private institutions.
On page 3, Document NO-1883, I offer Prosecution Exhibit 499. This is a letter to Krueger, dated January 1943 from Himmler. A copy was sent to the RSHA and a copy to Pohl. Here again in this letter Himmler states that he has been in Warsaw and inspected the situation. He notes that there is still 40,000 Jews in Warsaw. In the next few days, 8,000 of them will be shipped out; 32,000 still are in so-called armament plants, and about 24,000 of them in textils and fur plants. This of course was a situation contrary to the order, we have just introduced in 1942, because Himmler told them positively to get them out, get them to Lublin, get them in a concentration camp, so he is lead to say in this letter to Krueger that his earlier order has not been observed and he mentions here the Army inspector, he apparently thinks this Lt. General Schindler had something to do with the fact that these people have not been moved out. He sets up a new time until 15 February 1942, in which he says private firms in the Ghetto are to be eliminated and that the 16,000 Jews are to be transferred to a concentration camp, the best one being Lublin and the private industries between those times dealing with Jews are to be closed up.
Pohl got a copy of that letter.
Again in September 1945, Document DO 2514 which will be Prosecution Exhibit 500. On the letter, the correct date is 16 February 1943. It is shown on the translation as 2 February. I will ask the Tribunal to change that on their copy. This is an order from Himmler direct to Pohl as Chief of the WVHA with a copy to Krueger and Pohl is directed by Himmler to establish a concentration camp in the Ghetto of Warsaw; that all the Jews, he is now amplifying the order to include all Jews, no Jews just in the fur, tailoring and shoe shops, all Jews are to be transferred to this camp private enterprises are to be turned over to the concentration camp and finally in paragraph 4, he says the concentration camps as a whole is to be transferred to Lublin.
Now, this is nothing more than a mechanical way of deporting the Jews from Warsaw to Lublin. The ghetto is Warsaw was a ghetto; it was not a concentration camp, although all the Jews were confined within the ghetto, physically speaking. What Pohl is told to do here is to formally set up a concentration camp as such, to put the Jews in it, to take over the private industries in the ghetto, and then the whole thing is to be transferred to Lublin. He was ordered to do this on the 16th of February 1943, with a copy going to Krueger.
We turn to the next page, Page 6, and find Document NO-2494, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 501. This is an order of the same date, 16 February 1943. It is from Himmler to Krueger. Here he orders him to destroy the ghetto. That is the reason for the order of the same date to Pohl. Pohl is to remove the Jews; Krueger is to direct the destruction. In using the word "destruction," that is exactly what he meant. They were to level the ghetto. This is a rather interesting letter, but I shall not read it at this time. A copy was sent to the Chief of the Security Police and SD, who at this time wan Kaltenbrunner, a defendant before the IMT.
On the next page, Page 7, is Document 2573, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 502. This is a letter from Krueger. It is dated the 2nd of June 1943. This is nothing but a cover letter to a report written by the notorious Brigadefuehrer and Generalmajor of the Police Stroop, who was the SS and Police Leader in Warsaw, who actually supervised the destruction of the ghetto. The report of Stroop attached to this cover letter is a separate document appearing on Page 8; that is to say, Document 1061-PS, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 503. This is a very long document. It runs from Page 8 clear over to Page 110, Pages 56 to 110 being pictures which were a part of the original report. It, of course, is impossible to adequately summarize the destruction of the Warsaw ghetto.
The first part of this report, that part which runs from Page 8 to Page 15, is the last report made by Stroop. It is a summary of previous daily reports which are part of this same document.
This action against the ghetto continued from the 19th of April to along about the latter part of May 1943. Actually, Himmler and I'm sure Stroop and Krueger, together with Pohl, did not expect to have all the trouble they actually had in Warsaw. This order of Himmler's which was issued on the 16th of February was simply another deportation order. There had originally been some 300,000 Jews in Warsaw. They had evacuated into the extermination camps all but about 10,00 at the time this order was issued on 16 February of 1943. So what they really expected to do was to send in a reasonably small police force to gather them together and evacuate them without any trouble and thereafter they would carry out an orderly destruction of the ghetto, if you want to call it that.
But what actually happened was that when they went in with their police force, they met with armed resistance. The Jews had been in there and seen their other 260,000 inhabitants evacuated, never to return, and they very well knew what was going to happen to them if they were evacuated. They had managed to get together a motley collection of arms; and so they put up a resistance. The action as it actually took place dragged out for some thirty days; and during the process, as we see on Page 15, at the top of the page, 56,165 Jews were captured within the ghetto; 7,000 were exterminated during the course of the action; 6,929 were transported to P-2, which is Treblinka 2, which was an extermination camp. As he goes on to say, that means a total of 14,000 Jews exterminated altogether, Additionally some five to fix thousand were killed in explosions and fires.
In this first part of the report the Tribunal will get a very good summary of the establishment of the ghetto. It shows, as I recall it, that they had about ten people living in each room in the ghetto, which was segregated from the rest of the city. The streets were walled up; all the windows, all the doorways were walled up, with no possible access to the rest of Warsaw from the ghetto. It tells you how many were there in 1940 when they were evacuated, how many were evacuated, and then, of course, the report as a whole shows the destruction of the ghetto.
I recommend that the Tribunal read the document completely. You will find that while they killed some 7,000 Jews in this action, very few, relatively few SS men were killed; and there, of course, can be no doubt that it was a very horrible and criminal thing.
There are a number of pictures which are part of the original report. If the Tribunal finds that the photostatic copies which are included in the document book are not clear enough, they can have reference to the exhibit where the pictures are somewhat larger and much clearer.
THE TRIBUNAL (JUDGE MUSMANNO): Mr. McHaney, are the original volumes of this report obtainable? I recall that in the first trial they were submitted, and they were rather lush objects in typography and binding, rather beautifully done.
MR. McHANEY: Yes, I thinks that is quite true, your Honor. They were very elaborate; and I am reasonably sure that the original document is obtainable from the archives of the IMT and is probably right here in Nurnberg. I'm sure that if the Tribunal would request the Secretary General's office to make it available, it could be done.
THE TRIBUNAL (JUDGE MUSMANNO): Yes, very well.
MR. McHANEY: I turn now to Page 110. This is Document NO-2496, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 504. Because of the resistance met in evacuating the Warsaw ghetto, it was, of course, not possible for the defendant Pohl to establish his concentration camp there quite as soon as might otherwise have been expected. So we find here in Document Prosecution Exhibit 504 an order from Himmler to the WVHA. and to Kaltenbrunner, in which he orders that the Dzielna Prison in the former ghetto of Warsaw is to be turned into a concentration camp and that the prisoners are to be used for cleaning up the ghetto, taking out the scrap iron, and so forth.
He goes on to order that every cellar, every sewer is to be filled in and that after the work of cleaning up is finished the whole area is to be made into a large park. I have not been to Warsaw but they tell me that the area on which the ghetto formerly stood is just about as flat as the palm of your hand, except for pieces of stone and rubble.
On Page 111, Document NO-2403, Prosecution Exhibit 505, is an order by Himmler sent to the Higher SS and Police Leader Ostland -I'm not sure, but I think that was Krueger -- to the Chief of the WVHA, to Pohl, a copy to Kaltenbrunner, and a copy to Standartenfuehrer Rode. This order directs that all the Jews still remaining in the ghettos in the Ostland area have to be collected in concentration camps. I'm not sure of the precise area delineated by the Ostland; but it goes without saying that it was much larger than the area of Warsaw alone.
The second paragraph states that no Jews are to work on outside projects, that is, outside of a concentration camps, as of the 1st of August 1943. In the area of Riga he orders that a concentration camp is to be established in which the manufacturing of clothing and equipment is to be carried out for the Wehrmacht. All private firms have to be cut out, he says. Pohl is specifically directed to take care of this reorganization. The rest of the order is not particularly important.
On Page 112, Document 2516 will be Prosecution Exhibit 506. This is a letter from Pohl, dated 23 July 1943, to Himmler, concerning Himmler's order of June 11, 1943 about erecting a concentration camp in the Warsaw ghetto. Here Pohl reports that he has erected such a concentration camp and as of this date has three hundred prisoners and that they are engaged in slavaging and collecting material in the ghetto.
He goes on to state in the last paragraph that this work is being executed in closest collaboration with SS Brigadefuehrer Stroop.
On Page 114 Document NO-2503 will be Prosecution Exhibit 507.
To go back to Exhibit No. 506 on page 112 a moment. I shall call the Tribunal's attention to the reference numbers at top of page. It states D-II/1. This indicates the Amtsgruppen within the WVHA from which the letter eminated, that is, Amtsgruppen D and sub-title II, and you will see the initial over to the right "MA/Hue". MA stands for Maurer, who was chief of the Amtsgruppe D-II, and the defendant Sommers was his deputy.
Going onto page 114, offered as Prosecution's Exhibit No. 507, that is a letter dated 29 October 1943, from Pohl to Himmler, in which he enclosed a report on the measures taken up then with regard to the demolition of the ghetto in Warsaw. Now the Tribunal must understand that really the Stroops action was the deportation action He was going into the ghetto to take the Jews out and to send them to Lublin and the other camps. They, of course, met with resistance and had to shoot up the ghetto, and in so doing they destroyed certain parts by gun fire, and fires started in the buildings and so forth. Himmler, of course, ordered that the ghetto be levelled. That was the project that the troops were not able to handle; that job was passed onto Pohl and the WVHA, and specifically to Amtsgruppen C, which was the constructive arms of the SS, Building & Construction, and, that they were ordered to destroy the ghetto, to level it, and this report which we had put in as Prosecution Exhibit 507 is a report by Kammler, who was chief of Amtsgruppe C in the WVHA, about his activity in raising or levelling of the ghetto itself. In cover letter from Pohl to Himmler, you can see the dictation, reference C-5-IV. That means Amtsgruppe C, Office-5 Subdivision IV. The report attached to cover letter "Reporter:" indicates SS-Brigadeguehrer Dr. Engr. Kammler, SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer (F) Prinzl, and here he outlines what is being done about destroying the ghetto. The report itself is signed by Pohl. The following two documents are of the same effect. They are later reports about Kammler's activities in WVHA in raising the ghetto, and salvaging whatever material they found there.
That is on page 118, Document NO-2517, which will be Prosecution's Exhibit No. 508, and calls for the same effect, outlining what work has been done how many laborers were employed, how many of those were Germans, how many were Poles, how many were prisoners, and the equipment they used; the removal of plastic material and erection of of concentration camps.
Paragraph 5 on page 120 will show Amtsgruppe C was enlarging the concentration camp in the ghetto, which was housing the prisoners used in raising it.
On page 121 we have Document No. 2505, which will be Prosecution's Exhibit No. 509. This is cover letter from Pohl dated 20 April 1944, attaching another report by Kammler, dated 19 April 1944, and further information concerning the raising of the ghetto. This one is signed by Kammler.
On page 124, Document 2504 will be Prosecution's Exhibit No. 510. It is dated 10 June 1944, cover letter from Pohl to Himmler, attaching report on the further destruction of the ghetto. Paragraph 6 of the report, on page 126, indicates that they expect to complete their destructional work on August 1, 1944.
On page 125 Document NO 2515, will be Prosecution Exhibit No. 511, in which we find the last chapter of this purported history of the Warsaw ghetto. This letter, the date is apparently illegible, but it is a teletype from Kammler of the WVHA to Rudolf Brandt in Himmler's office concerning the demolition of the ghetto. 29 July 1944 is the date Kammler states in this teletype that the destruction of the ghetto is practically completed, and that the work in Warsaw is to be terminated by the Central Building Administration; so apparently they completed it, indicated by letter of Brandt and of Himmler, with respect to the ghetto except with exception of raising of the buildings in part that remained there.
This, if the Tribunal please, completes the introduction of documents on the part of the Prosecution with the exception of a small number of documents which were not in order in the document books for one reason or another, and will be re-offered the morning the Tribunal reconvenes, or the defense should start presenting their case.
Additionally, we will have a few more new documents, which, undoubtedly, will not number more than ten, so with the Tribunals permission we will take up perhaps an hour or two at the most on the day the court reconvenes, and then we will rest our case.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will recess until 12th day of May at 9:30 in the morning. That will be two weeks on the coming Monday. After a brief testimony offered by the Prosecution the defense counsel will be prepared to make their opening statements, one after the other. We will hear all the opening statements before any proof is taken, or any testimony is offered.
MR. McHANEY: I do not know how long the defense counsel individually plan to take in presenting their opening statements, but in order that there might be no confusion on that day we reconvene, I would suggest that the Tribunal put some limitation on the amount of time to be consumed in the presentation of the statements. In the Medical Case with five more defendants, as I recall, the defense counsel were allowed a total to two days, two court days, to present their opening statements. They were permitted to allocate the time, but they agreed among themselves. However, if is very well to say that Dr. Seidl will acquire more time to present his statement than perhaps one of the other defense counsel for one of the other defendants.
THE PRESIDENT: All opening statements will be concluded and finished by the close of session on Tuesday. That gives you most of Monday and all of Tuesday. You can allocate the time among yourselves as you like, and, of course, we don't insist that you take that long, if you choose to do it in less time than that, it will be quite all right.
The Tribunal will now be in recess until Monday, May 12th, 1947, at 9:30 a.m.
THE MARSHAL: This Tribunal is in recess until the period specified, Monday, 12 May 1947.
(Whereupon the Tribunal adjourned until 12 May 1947 at 0930 hours.)
Official Transcript of the American Military Tribunal in the matter of the United States of America against Oswald Pohl et al, defendants, sitting at Nuernberg, Germany, on 14 May 1947, Justice Robert M. Toms presiding.
THE MARSHAL: All persons in the court will find seats. Look the doors. The Honorable, the Judges of Military Tribunal No. 2. Military Tribunal No. 2 is now in session. God save the United States of America and this honorable Tribunal. There will be order in the court.
MR. ROBBINS: Your Honor, the prosecution only has a few matters to clear up before formally resting its case. I think we will take just as little time as possible. I believe the defense counsel has been given copies of our memorandum on the cleaning up of Books I through XX and that memorandum contains the offer of a number of documents into evidence, offers which were not completed because of some formal difficulty at the time.
There are two corrections that I would like to make on the memorandum. They occur on the last page at Book XVIII, Document 1553-PS. The last line of that paragraph should be stricken out. The line reads, "See Schedule A annexed hereto for discussion." There is no schedule annexed to the memorandum. A separate memorandum on 1553-PS will be circulated.
The second correction concerns the document in Book XIX, NO-2186. This has not been distributed as yet because we haven't been able to get the photostat from Berlin and it will be offered at a later date.
There may still be some discrepancies between our memorandum and what I find from the Secretary General's office. If there are some few formal inadequacies. I would like to have an opportunity to clear those up at a later date. It may be that in a few instances copies have not been distributed to the German defense counsel and therefore they have been admitted only conditionally, but, if that does occur in a few cases, it will be only in a few; it will be cleared up within a few days.
I should like, rather than to read this memorandum, to ask that it be extended into the record.
I will give a copy of it to the clerks.
THE PRESIDENT: The memorandum with reference to the proper identification and offering of the documents will be made a part of the record and the corrections made in accordance with that memorandum.
MR. ROBBINS: I should like now to turn to Book XXI, which contains only--
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Robbins, we didn't bring our document book. Do you want us to have it?
MR. ROBBINS: No. This is a new Document Book XXI. Has that been given to you?
THE PRESIDENT: No.
MR. ROBBINS: It was distributed last week. I don't think it will be necessary for Your Honors to have it. It contains only ten documents and most of them are affidavits. I can give you a very brief description of them. I am sure they are in the hands of the Secretary General and the defense counsel have them.
The first has already been offered in evidence. That is NO-2611. It has been offered in Book XIII as Exhibit 366 and NO-2615, the second document NO-2615, has been offered as Exhibit 367, also in Book XIII.
The document at page 12, NO-2510, I should like to offer as Exhibit 512. This is an order by Hitler -- that part appearing at page 14 -- and Hitler says, "The situation on the Eastern front demands extreme concentration of forces within the Army... Therefore I order that: (1) The Reichsfuehrer-SS be charged, within the scope of my decree of 20 July 1944, with examining and simplifying the whole organizational and administrative foundations of the Waffen-SS, the Police, and the Todt organization with a view to saving manpower."
And in pursuance of Hitler's orders, Himmler wrote to Pohl as follows - this is on page 12:
"Dear Pohl, "Please contact Admiral Warcchiwa immediately.
He was instructed by the Grand Admiral to do anything you suggest.
In practice, the order of the Grand Admiral has the (same) effect as if Admiral Warcchiwa were subordinate to you."
And the letter on page 17 is to Doenitz and from Himmler. Himmler writes as follows:
"Following the Fuehrer's order of 2 August 1944, I have charged Obergruppenfuehrer and General of the Waffen-SS Pohl with the execution of this task insofar as it concerns the administration of the Army, the Waffen-SS, the Police, and the Todt Organization."
This is to effectuate Hitler's order concerning the Gestapo and establishment of the Waffen-SS and of the police.
The affidavit of Grosch, appearing at page 16 of Book 21, which is NO-2322, I offer as Exhibit 513. Grosch was an SS man and a member of Amtsgruppe C of the WVHA. He states that he heard about the defendant Eirenschmalz some time in the middle of 1939.
JUDGE PHILLIPS: Is that Prosecution Exhibit 513?
MR. ROBBINS: Yes, sir. Eirenschmalz remained in his position, which was to pay out the moneys for the building projects for the SS Death Head units, until about 1940 and then moved to Berlin to work with the Budget and Buildings Main Office and in this capacity he was assigned to the tasks which he later had to carry out within the Economic and Administrative Main Office, Amt C-VI. And then he goes ahead to describe Eirenschmalz's activities.
The following affidavit on page 18, which is NO-2325, I offer as Prosecution Exhibit 514. This is an affidavit by Hans Peter Eichele, who is a member of the SS and also a member of Amtsgruppe A within the WVHA. He also describes some of Eirenschmalz's activities and the activities of Hans Loerner.
The affidavit on page 21, which is NO-2156, will be Prosecution's Exhibit 515. This is an affidavit by Werner Greunuss. He was a doctor at the Project S-3 at Ohrdruf and he describes conditions there. He also describes at page 23 some of the activities of the defendant Pook.
The affidavit at page 25, which is NO-2368, I offer as Exhibit 516. This is an affidavit of Friedrich Entress and he was a camp physican at Gross-Rosen. In the affidavit he describes conditions and also the euthanasia program and gassings at Auschwitz, also medical experiments at Auschwitz.