Reports by Hirt came to my attention in Himmler's office. In the latter part of 1942, Hirt began experimentation on inmates at the Natzweiler Concentration Camp in cooperation with Oberarzt Dr. Karl Wimmer, who was on duty with the Luftwaffe. These experimental subjects, as in other cases of experimentation, were simply assigned by Pohl's office, the WVHA, to be used for this purpose. The experiments on human beings with Lost gas continued during 1943 and 1944 and at Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp as well as Natzweiler. Some of the prisoners died as a result."
MR. MCHANEY: Turning now to Document NO-935, it will be Prosecution's Exhibit 232. This is a letter dated 27 August 1942. The latter part of the date may not appear on the Tribunal's mimeographed copy. 1942 is the year. It is from Sievers to SS-Brigadefuehrer Gluecks, who, as the Tribunal will recall, was the chief of the Amtsgruppe D of the WVHA. The subject of the letter is a military scientific research in connection with the Natzweiler Camp and in this letter Sievers states that he will have a conference with Gluecks concerning the establishment of a branch of the Institute for Military Scientific Research of the Ahnenerbe in Natzweiler and he mentions that he will be talking also with Dr. Hirt and that they would like to visit the camp.
The next document, NO-978, will be Prosecution Exhibit 233, a letter a few weeks later, dated 11 September 1942. It is another letter from Sievers to Gluecks concerning the same subject, namely, setting up of a branch of the Institute for Military Scientific Research of the Ahnenerbe in the concentration camp Natzweiler, and he refers to the personal discussion with Gluecks on the 9th of September, 1942, and he here summarizes the things that will be necessary in order to set up this branch of the Institute for Military Scientific Research in Natzweiler. The first paragraph, I might read, says, "Information to the commander's office, concentration camp Natzweiler: SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer Prof. Dr. Hirt, Stabsarzt Dr. Wimmer and Dr. Kieselbach, are authorized to enter the concentration camp Natzweiler. During their activity in the concentration camp Natzweiler they are to be provided with accommodations and board."
On the next page, on Page 43, paragraph 5 reads, "The experiments which are to be performed on prisoners are to be carried out in four rooms of an already existing medical barracks. Only slight changes in the construction of the building are required: in particular the installation of a hood which can be produced with very little material. In accordance with attached plan of the construction management at at Natzweiler, I request that necessary orders be issued to carry out the reconstruction."
Prosecution submits that this construction management at Natzweiler was a construction brigade which was controlled by Amtsgruppe C of the WVHA.
Document NO-098 on page 44 will be Prosecution Exhibit 234. This is another letter by Sievers dated the 3rd of November, 1942 on the letterhead of the Ahnenerbe Institute and it concerns the research work by Hirt at the Institute for Military Scientific Research of Ahnenerbe in Natzweiler. In this letter Sievers is complaining that the camp management at Natzweiler is not showing the proper interest in the branch office of the Institute for Military Scientific Research and that they are not cooperating with him properly and he complains in this letter about that lack of cooperation. This is a memorandum which is addressed, or, at least, stamped, "Personal Staff Reichsfuehrer SS" and one of the later documents will show that it came into the hands of Rudolf Brandt. He mentions in here, Sievers mentions, that he reported orally to Gluecks on the 9th of September and afterwards in writing on the 11th of September and that Gluecks had promised his full support for the research work in Natzweiler, and then he quotes from a report by Hirt concerning Hirt's visit to Natzweiler in October, on page 45, Hirt remarks that the concentration management put forward the atrocious suggestion that they would have to pay for the human experimental subjects and this outraged both Sievers and Dr. Hirt. On page 46, Sievers goes on to remark about one-third of the way down the page, "When I think of our military research work conducted at the concentration camp Dachau, I must praise and call special attention to the generous and understanding way in which our work was furthered there and to the cooperation we were given. Payment of prisoners was never discussed." Of course, that is a reference to the high altitude and freezing experiments in Dachau, conducted by Dr. Rascher, among others.
I also call the Tribunal's attention to the remark on the same age about one-third from the bottom, "The budget of the Institute will be met, according to the order of the Reich Fuehrer of the SS and as already discussed by me in detail with SS Standartenfuehrer Loerner, out of the funds of the Waffen-SS." The Standartenfuehrer Loerner referred to, of course, is the defendant Hans Loerner.
The next document will be that on Page 48, Document NO-092, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 235. This is a letter from Rudolf Brandt to Sievers, dated 3 December 1942 and it makes reference to the memorandum which we have just introduced as Prosecution Exhibit 234. With reference to that Rudolf Brandt wrote as follows: "I have your note of 3-11-1942 before me again to-day. I have had a chance at that time to have a short talk with SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl. If my memory serves correctly he had also sent me word that these complaints which you outline, which, however, I did not report in detail would be remedied. I had received your letter just the very morning I went to see SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl. Therefore, I could not possibly read it through before." And he concludes, "If further intervention on my part should be necessary will you please let me know."
On Page 49 there should have been inserted Document NO-590. It appeared in the index as NO-390, which was a typographical error. Document NO-590 is now in the process of distribution to the defense counsel and to the Tribunal and I will offer it tomorrow morning, but I would like now to reserve Prosecution Exhibit No. 236 for this document. The document consists of an affidavit by one Ferdinant Alt, who was an inmate in Natzweiler and he has interesting things to say about the gas experiments by Dr. Hirt.
The last document on the gas experiments is that on page 44 of the Document Book, Document NO-005, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 237. This is a letter dated 22 November, 1944, from the deceased Dr. Grawitz, who was the Reich Physician of the SS-Police.
It is addressed to Himmler and is concerned with experiments with a certain N-substance. I might read the first paragraph of the letter. It says, "The Chief of the Technical Office in the SS-Chief Administrative Office, SSGruppenfuehrer Schwab, has contacted me in September of this year with the request to furnish him with 2 doctors, who as medical experts were to witness experiments with N-substance, which he was carrying out at the time by order of the Fuehrer. This was above all a matter of the clarification of the question, if N-substance was to be considered for chemical warfare or otherwise."
In the third paragraph it states, "In accordance with these investigation experiments carried out on 25 September 1944, the necessity has now arisen to carry out sever experiments on human beings for the final clarification of the physiological effect of N-substance on and through the human skin. 5 prisoners are necessary for the execution of these experiments. It is highly improbable that the experiment will cause any permanent damage."
The last of the letter consists of remarks made by Dr. Gebhardt and by Gluecks and by Panzinger with reference to the advisability of these experiments.
Court No. II, Case No. IV.
The Tribunal will recall that we have previously submitted an order of Himmler which stated that before any medical experiment could be carried out it would have to be submitted for the opinion of Gebhardt, who was the Chief Hygienist of the SS, to Gluecks, who was Chief of Amtsgruppe B under Pohl, and to Nebe, who was Chief of the Criminal Police. In this case Panninger makes the comment apparently in place of Nebe.
Gluecks stated: "I have received your letter of 7 September 1944 with regard to the procurement of five prisoners for the experiments which are to be carried out in substance. For this purpose I have had five prisoners, who have been condemned to death in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, placed in readiness on whom these experiments can be carried out."
We turn now to the series of documents dealing with the sterilization of human beings. I first offer Document NO-440 on Page 51 of the document book as Prosecution Exhibit 238. This is an affidavit again by Rudolf Brandt; and he here outlines the various types of sterilization experiments carried out. I think that I have previously briefly outlined the several methods endeavored to be used, namely, medicinal sterilization, X-ray sterilization, together with castration, and, finally, the method of Glauberg, which was the sterilization of females with the injection of an irritating solution into the uterus. I think the affidavit speaks for itself; and I shall not read from it.
I now offer Document NO-035 as Prosecution Exhibit 239. This begins a series of documents dealing with medicinal sterilization, in which the defendant Pohl was particularly interested, as we shall see. Exhibit 239 is a letter written by the defendant in the Medical Case Pokorny to Himmler. It is dated October, 1941. Pokorny in this letter calls to Himmler's attention several scientific articles written by a certain Dr. Madaus, which dealt with medicinal sterilization of animals. Dr. Pokorny advances for the first time that we have been able to find the suggestion that experiments be carried out on human beings with Dr. Court No. II, Case No. IV.
Madaus' method, in order to see if they could not develop an effective way of sterilizing millions of human beings, namely, those who were considered to be enemies of the Third Reich.
On the first page of the letter on Page 53 of the document book, about the middle of the page, Dr. Pokorny stated: "If on the basis of this research it were possible to produce a drug which after a relatively short time effects an imperceptible sterilization on human beings, then we would have a new, powerful weapon at our disposal. The thought alone that the three million Bolsheviks, at present German prisoners, could be sterilized so that they could be used as laborers but be prevented from reproduction opens the most far-reaching perspectives."
It goes on to suggest that experiments be carried out on human beings and that Dr. Madaus be directed not to make any further publication on those matters.
The next document is NO-036, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 240. We see here that Dr. Pokorny's letter was passed along by Himmler to the defendant Pohl. This letter is dated 10 March 1942; and it is from Himmler to Pohl. He encloses therewith a copy of the Pokorny letter and asks Pohl to get in touch with Madaus and to inform him that he should not publish anything more on medicinal sterilization and says that Pohl should offer him the possibility of doing research in cooperation with Grawitz on criminals who, he remarks, would have to be sterilized in any event.
Document NO-038 is on Page 56 and will be Prosecution Exhibit 241. This is a letter from Rudolf Brandt to Pohl, dated June, 1942; and there Brandt asks Pohl to report on the status of the sterilization matters and Dr. Madaus and refers back to the letter which we have just introduced, that of 10 March 1942 which enclosed Pokorny's memorandum.
The document on Page 57 gives the report back by Pohl. This is Document NO-046-A, and will be Prosecution Exhibit 242. It is a letter dated 3 June 1942 and was directed to Himmler. He reports that he has contacted Dr. Koch of the Biological Institute of Dr. Madaus and Company Court No. II, Case No. IV.
and instructed him to discontinue publications on medicinal sterilization. It goes on to report that the plant "Schweigrohr", from which the drug "caladium seguinum" was derived, grown naturally only in North America; and consequently they are having some difficulty getting sufficient quantities of the plant, and from the plant the drug, to carry out experiments on a very large scale. Pohl goes on to state in this letter that the only practical step which they can take to advance the experiments is to construct hothouses in which the plant "Schweigrohr" will be cultivated.
Document NO-046-B, on Page 59, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 243, is the response by Rudolf Brandt to Himmler, dated 11 June 1942, in which Himmler instructs the defendant Pohl to be sure to have a large hothouse set up as soon as possible so that the plant can be cultivated.
Document NO-044 on Page 60 will be Prosecution Exhibit 244. This is a file memorandum by Rudolf Brandt, dated 22 June 1942. It concerns a consultation on the 19th of June 1942 at Wewelsburg between Himmler and Pohl. Now, it may have been only between Rudolf Brandt and Pohl. I don't think it is clear from the context that Himmler was there. In connection with the place of this conference, Wewelsburg, I should like to remark that is the concentration camp in which they were using the inmates for the purpose of constructing an SS school and that project was under the direction of the defendant Klein, you will remember, of Amtsgruppe W.
This memorandum reports that Pohl was to continue his efforts to have the plant "Schweigrohr" cultivated and that "the work of Dr. Koch of the Madaus Institute shall be supported to the fullest extent" by Pohl and that an effort should be made to produce synthetically the drug which was necessary for the medicinal sterilization. It ends up by saying: "SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl agreed to take the necessary steps at once."
On Page 61 is Document NO-050, which will be Prosecution Exhibit Court No. II, Case No. IV.
245. This is a letter from Fischer, dated 4 July 1942. Fischer was a member of Himmler's staff. The letter is addressed to the Reich Main Security Office or the RSHA, Amt IV-B-4, to the attention of SSSturmbannfuehrer Guenther. In this letter Fischer sends along copies of the work by Dr. Madaus on medicinal sterilization and instructs Guenther to work in closest collaboration with the agency of Pohl in this matter.
I think it would be interesting for the Tribunal to know that Amt IV-B-4 was directed by the notorious Eichmann, who together with Amt IV-B-4 of the RSHA was charged with the so-called solution of the Jewish question. In other words, the mass extermination of the Jewish people was supervised to a large degree by Amt IV-B-4; and, of course, this letter which deals with sterilization matters is directed to that office because, as an alternative to the extermination of those able to work, sterilization could be used so that they could not propagate but at least would be able to work during a certain period of usefulness.
On Page 62 Document NO-042 will be Prosecution Exhibit 246. This is a letter by the defendant Pohl to the Deputy Gauleiter in the Lower Danube, a man by the name of Gerland, dated 7 September 1942. Gerland by coincidence had also come across the articles by Madaus and had advanced substantially the same suggestion that Pokorny did at an earlier period and immediately sent a letter to Himmler, which in turn had been forwarded to the defendant Pohl. This in turn is a letter from Pohl to Garland, stating that he has been working on this matter of medicinal sterilization for some months prior to the receipt of Gerland's suggestion.
He states, rather braggingly, if I may say so, in the third paragraph: "I myself have personally instituted the negotiations with the director of the Biological Institute Madaus, Dr. Koch, and also supervise the experiments personally, together with the physician of Main Department, SS Obersturmbannfuehrer Dr. Lolling." Dr. Lolling, the Tribunal will remember, was the Chief of Amt D-3, which was the Medical Court No. II, Case No. IV.
Office, the WVHA, and dealt with medical matters in concentration camps.
Document No. NO-041 at page 63 will be Prosecution Exhibit No. 247, a letter written by Pohl of the same date as the previous letter of Gerland, that is 7 September 1942, and it is addressed to Rudolpf Brandt and he encloses, that is, Pohl enclosed copy of his letter to Gerland. Reading the second paragraph: "Please inform the Reich Leader of SS troops that I personally went to Radebeul last Tuesday to be convinced of the state of affairs. The matter is running smoothly. I have now interested SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Dr. Lolling. We have agreed with Madaus to transfer the experiments to our concentration camp as soon as possible."
Document No. NO-043, on page 64 will be Prosecution Exhibit No. 248. A letter from Gerland dated 14 October 1942, to Rudolph Brandt on the personnel staff of Himmler, and he goes over the history of his suggestion that Gerland's suggestion for medicinal sterilization experiments be carried out and now says that his suggestion is obsolete, that is, that somebody else has already thought of it. He states that he has suggested to Pohl that certain Dr. Fehringer be allowed to try to produce a synthetic caladium segiunum, and he asked Rudolph Brandt if that would be permissible, that is, to have Dr. Fehringer collaborate with Pohl and Lolling.
On page 66 Document No. NO-048, Prosecution Exhibit No. 249, we have Rudolph Brandt's letters to Pohl of 25 October 1942, enclosing copy of Gerland's letter, which we have just introduced, and in which Rudolph Brandt said he could not consult with Himmler, that if he was there that Himmler would certainly welcome experiments to produce caladium seguinum synthetically, and instruct Pohl to see that Lolling contacts Dr. Fehringer.
That completes the series of documents on medicinal sterilization.
The next series concerns itself with the experiments by Dr. Clamberg, that is, the sterilization of women.
The first document is on page 67, Document NO-211, that will be Prosecution Exhibit No. 250. Letter dated 30 May 1942 from Clauberg to Himmler, in which he asked Himmler to support his sterilization experiments, and he outlined in this letter what his requirements would be.
It might be interesting for the Tribunal to know that he talks in here about Positive Population Policy and Negative Population Policy. The Positive Population Policy, as I understand it, was that policy of the Reich which desired to have certain groups of the population increased and reproduced. On the one hand they were making efforts to increase the population and the birthrate, which was that policy which permitted the selection from countries which had been overrun by Germany, such as the Czechs, and certain Slovak races, the selection of people whom they thought could be educated to support the Reich. That was known as the Positive Population Policy. The Negative Population Policy was that policy which meant the reduction of certain groups of the population, for example, the extermination of Jews was part of the Negative Population Policy; it was those groups which had been decided were worthless to the Third Reich. Of course, sterilization fits in with the Negative Population Policy, as he so states in this letter.
On page 68, in the middle of the page, he says: "Reichsfuehrer! Without wishing to anticipate your decision, I am taking the liberty of proposing that the experiments necessary for A and B be carried out at the Auschwitz Concentration camp and that the facilities there be used. As I already told you in the course of our oral conversation, I would be very much pleased to work under you as head of an experimental institute, directed exclusively by you."
On page 71, Document NO-216, which will be Prosecution Exhibit No. 251, is a memorandum by Rudolph Brandt on the conference held on July 1942 between Gebhardt, Gluecks, Klauberg and Himmler. The subject was the sterilization of Jewesses. He states in the memorandum beginning with the fourth line:
"The Reichsfuehrer-SS has promised SS-Brigadefuehrer Professor Kaluberg that the Auschwitz concentration camp will be at his disposal for his experiments on human beings and animals. By means of some fundamental experiments a method should be found which would lead to sterilization of persons without their knowledge. The Reichsfuehrer-SS wants to get another report as soon as the result of these experiments would become known, so that the sterilization of Jewesses could then be carried out in actuality."
On page 72, Document NO-213, which will be Prosecution's Exhibit No. 252, we have a letter from Rudolph Brandt dated 10 July 1942, to Klauberg, copies of which were sent to Pohl, Chief of the WVHA, and also as seen by the distribution list No. 4 to SS Obersturmbannfuehrer Klauberg, also noted as being a member of the WVHA, and again we see Item 5 of the distribution list that Guenther of the Jewish Amt of RSHA likewise got a copy. I might read a few paragraphs of this letter that Brandt wrote to Klauberg: "Today, the Reichsfuehrer-SS charged me with transmitting on his wish that you go to Ravensbruck after you have had another talk with SS-Obergruppenfuehrer POHL and the Camp Physician of the women's concentration camp Ravensbruck, in order to perform there the sterilization of the Jewesses according to your method. Before you start your job, the Reichsfuehrer-SS would be interested to learn from you how long it would take to sterilize a thousand Jewesses. The Jewesses themselves should not know anything about it. As the Reichsfuehrer-SS understands it, you could give the appropriate injections during a general examination."
Then he mentions the x-ray tests, whether or not the sterilization had been effective, and he also goes on to suggest what he calls the practical experiments in which it might be arranged to lock up a Jewess and a Jew together for a certain period, and to see then what results will be achieved thereby.
On page 75 of the Document NO-215, Prosecution Exhibit No. 253, is another file concerning a conference held on 8 July 1942 between Himmler, Gluecks, Gebhardt and Klauberg as an experimental station, and it states that Himmler agreed that the necessary material will be made available to Klauberg for all the experiments he intends to make. The Tribunal will recall that in Pohl's affidavit he admitted that Klauberg was in Auschwitz and he had talked to him there, and although I recall he was not very frank to stating just exactly what Klauberg was doing except he knew he was there on sterilization matters. However, we need not rely on the statements by the defendant Pohl.
Document NO-212 on page 76 is a letter of Klauberg to Himmler in which he gives him a report of how long it would take to sterilize a thousand Jewesses which was a question put to him about a year previous to this letter by the Reichsfuehrer. It states in the second paragraph: "The method I contrived to achieve the sterilization of the female organism without any operation is as good as perfected. It can be performed by a single injection made from the entrance of the uterus in the course of the usual customary gynaecologic examination as known to every physician."
Then he goes on and states, "However, minor improvements are to be made" and in the next paragraph he states: "As to the question which you, Reichsfuehrer, asked me almost one year ago, i.e., how much time would probably be required to sterilize 1000 women by using this method: Today I can answer you with regard to the future as follows: If my researches continue to have the same results as up to now, and there is no reason to doubt that - then the moment is no longer far off when I can say: 'by one adequately trained physician in one adequately equipped place with perhaps 10 assistants (the number of assistants in conformity with the desired acceleration) most likely several hundred - if not even 1000 per day!"
Page 78, document NO 210, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 255. Still another letter by Clauberg to Himmler, to the attention of Rudolf Brandt. Pardon me, it is addressed to Rudolf Brandt.
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Me Haney, is there any way to identify the drug that Clauberg had in mind and was experimenting with here? Is it the same one that you referred to before?
MR. MC HANEY: Not at all. I am sure that it is not. However, the one drug we mentioned was Caladium Seguinum. That was a drug derived from the plan Schweigrohr. As I understand it, it could be taken orally or intravenously and was supposed to bring about sterilization of both males and females. Clauberg used some irritating solution, the content or description of which I do not know.
THE PRESIDENT: It is a different drug, to be introduced into the uterus?
MR. MC HANEY: That is, I am sure, quite true, Your Honor. Exhibit 255, a letter from Clauberg to Rudolf Brandt, dated 6 August, 1943. Here Clauberg is asking Rudolf Brandt to arrange for supplying him with another x-ray installation in Auschwitz. The document, of course, proves that Clauberg, in fact, was active in his experiments in Auschwitz, and he is here asking for a further installation.
The Tribunal will recall that the x-ray machines were apparently used after the sterilization had been accomplished, or at least the injection had taken place, to observe the results on the uterus presumably. In other words, the mention of x-rays sometimes in these documents might confuse the Court into thinking that Clauberg was using a method x-ray sterilization, which apparently is not the case.
The documents to which I now come do concern themselves with x-ray sterilization, the first one of which is on Page 81, Document NO 203, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 256. This is a letter by the defendant Viktor Brack in the Medical Case, directed to Himmler, dated 28 March 1941, and attached to it is a report on experiments concerning x-ray castration. Brack states in this memorandum which was written by him the advantages and disadvantages of x-ray sterilization.
He notes in here that if permanent sterilization is to be accomplished by the use of x-ray, then the dosage must be quite high and that it actually results in what would be similar to castration because the x-rays destroy the internal secretion of the ovary or of the testicles. This was considered to be somewhat undesirable because, quite naturally, the person who was sterilized with x-rays would in a short time realize what had happened to him.
It was pointed out that another difficulty was the x-ray burns which necessarily resulted if you used x-ray method without the subject knowing about it, because in that event there was no opportunity to use lead shields, for instance, on the inner thighs to prevent the x-ray dosage from causing x-ray burns to the thighs.
As a matter of fact, in the experiments they actually carried out in September, in September, in the letter part of 1943, on some young Polish boys, they actually took no precautions to prevent x-ray burns in any event, though the boys certainly knew what was happening to them, and we shall have a witness here who was very severely burned on both thighs by x-ray sterilization and who was thereafter castrated.
Brack makes the suggestion in here, which I am sure the Court is familiar with, that in spite of these disadvantages of the subject learning about having been sterilized within a matter of days or wees, that nonetheless they should perhaps use x-ray sterilization, and he says that by using a camouflage of having persons approach a counter to fill out forms of one type or another, an operator sitting behind the counter could operate the x-ray machines and perform the sterilization by x-ray while the person is standing in front of the counter, without their knowing about it. In that way he thought that, with the proper installation, they could accomplish as many as 3,000 to 4,000 sterilizations per day.
On page 84, Document NO 205, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 257, there is another letter from Brack to Himmler, dated 23 June 1942, and he refers in this letter to the Jewish extermination action being carried out by Brigadefuehrer Blobocnik. The Tribunal will recall that I mentioned Globocnik in connection with the extermination of the Jews in the opening statement. Globocnik was a man with whom a number of the defendants in this dock had some association. He particularly helped up in Lublin the Action Reinhardt and mustered all of the Jewish property of those who were exterminated in the General Government of Occupied Poland.
Brack here re-advances his suggestion of x-ray sterilization and points out that he has supplied some men to Globocnik to help him carry out the extermination action, but Brack really thought there were two or three million Jews among the ten million to be exterminated who should be preserved for work and that sterilization was the practical way of accomplishing that, and he again wants the Reichs fuehrer to consider sterilizing these two million to three million Jews who were able to work rather than exterminating them. The defendant Brack is very seriously advancing that as a strong defense to the charge of sterilization in the Medical Case.
On page 86, Document NO 206, Prosecution Exhibit 258, is a reply by Himmler to Brack's letter in 1942, dated 11 August 1942. Himmler says:
"Dear Brack: It is only today that I have the opportunity to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 23 June. I am positively interested in seeing that the sterilization by x-rays is tried out at least once in one camp in a series of experiments.
"I will be very much obliged to the Reichleader Bouhler if, to begin with, he would place the expert physicians for the series of experiments at our disposal.
"I will mail a copy of this letter to the Reich Physician SS and to the competent Chief of the Main Office for Concentration Camps."
As we can see, that was the defendant Pohl who got the copy of this letter.
This completes the documents on the sterilization experiments. As I stated before, the x-ray experiments were carried out in Auschwitz, and this will be proved by the testimony of a witness to be called later in the week.
THE PRESIDENT: Shall we start a fresh book in the morning?
MR. MC HANEY: That is quite suitable with me, Your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: Very well. We shall recess until 9:30 tomorrow morning.
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal is in recess until 0930 hours tomorrow morning.
(The Tribunal recessed until 0930 hours 16 April 1947.)
Official transcript of the American Military Tribunal in the matter of the Unites States of America against Oswald Pohl, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany, on 16 April 1947, 0930, Justice Toms presiding.
THE MARSHAL: Persons in the court room will please find their seats.
The Honorable, the Judge of Military Tribunal II.
Military Tribunal is now in session. God save the United States of America and this honorable Tribunal.
There will be order in the court room.
THE PRESIDENT: I have been asked by the interpreters to suggest to Defense Counsel that in examining witnesses you pause after each question and before such answer. They are having some difficulty in completing the translation of an answer before the next question is asked. You must realize that a translator is always about four or five words behind the witness, and they must have an opportunity to finish the translation of the answer before you ask the next question.
Will you be good enough to bear that in mind, for the sake of the translators?
MR. MC HANEY: May it please the Tribunal, this morning the Prosecution wishes to introduce documents from Prosecution Document Book No. 8, which is the third and last document book on medical experiments.
On page 1 of the document book we have Document NO-856--will the clerk tell me the next exhibit number?
THE MARSHAL: 259.
MR. MC HANEY: -- which will be Prosecution Exhibit 259.
This is an extract from the review of the trial by the Military Court in the case of the United States against Weiss, et al, and is the so-called Dachau Trial. Extracts which have been made from this review concern primarily malaria experiments carried out by Dr. Klause Karl Schilling in Dachau in the period from February 1942, until the early part of 1945.
The Tribunal will recall that this was one of the series of experiments as to which the Defendant Pohl admits knowledge.
I call your attention to page 2, the paragraph marked "A", which states that three to four hundred persons died as a result of the experiments carried out by Dr. Schilling. He was making an effort to discover a protective innoculation against malaria, as well as to find more effective means of treating the disease once it has been contracted. To do this, he artificially infected a large number of concentration camp inmates.
On page 3, about the middle or lower part of the page, it states that malaria was the direct cause of thirty deaths, and as a result of complications three hundred to four hundred more died.
At the bottom of page 3 the review sets out a portion of the statement made by Dr. Schilling before the trial, and it reads in part as follows:
"My name is Professor Doctor Claus Schilling. I have already worked on tropical diseases for forty-five years. I came to the experimental station in Dachau in February, 1942. I judge that I innoculated between nine hundred and one thousand prisoners. These were mostly innoculations for protection. These people, however, were not volunteers. The inmates whom I gave protective innoculations were not examined by me but by the present camp doctor. Before the innoculation there was usually an observation of several days. The last camp doctor was Dr. Hintemaier. As well as I can remember, in three years there were forty-nine patients were always released by me as cured only after one year. As remedy I used quinine, atabrine and neosalvarsan. I know for sure of six cases where I used pyramid on tablets to hold down the fever."