"However, since the 10th of May, we attribute no importance whatever to this awful world propaganda. We must exploit the convenient moment."
I skip now two paragraphs and continue with the quotation:
"I admit frankly that thousands' of Poles will pay with their lives for this, and it will be, in the first place, the leading representative of the Polish intelligenzia.
"We National Socialists are obliged by this epoch to insure that the Polish people shall no longer be in a position to offer resistance."
I draw the attention of the Tribunal to this sentence in particular:
"I know what responsibility we are thus assuming." find on page 86 of the document file, first paragraph. "Furthermore, SS Obergruppenfuehrer Krueger and I have decided that the pacification measures will be speeded up.
"I pray you, gentlemen, to help us with all energy in fulfilling this task. As regards myself, I will do everything in order to facilitate its execution.
"I appeal to you as the champion of National Socialism, and I have nothing else to say. This measure will be carried out by us, and, speaking frankly, it will be in accordance with an order given no by the Fuehrer. The Fuehrer told me, 'The problem of German policy and the fulfillment of its execution in the area of the Government General is a purely personal duty of the responsible persons in the Government General'.
"He expressed himself as follows: 'It is necessary to liquidate the leading kernal actually existing in Poland. These who will grew up later must be apprehended, and then, after a period of time, liquidated in their turn.'
"That is why in order not to burden the Reich organization of the German police with this task, we must not intern these elements in German concentration camps, because then we would have fresh worries, and we would have to carry on unnecessary correspondence with their families. We will liquidate them in the country itself. We will do that in the simplest form." first column of the text. I think that this quotation is characteristic, for it was precisely Frank, as the diary proves, who first thought about the "Vernischtungslager" or "Camps for Destruction" -- extermination camps.
I quote the same speech of Frank:
"As to the concentration camps, it is evident that we do not wish sense of the word.
Every suspected person must be immediately liquidated.
spot."
diary of Hans Frank concerning the year 1940. The Tribunal will find of the text.
I quote:
"We can't expect -the concentration camps in the Reich to take care of our own affiars. It is terrible how much trouble we have had with the Cracow professors. If we had started the thing right out here, it would have come out differently. This is why I want to ask you very persistently that never again shall we send anyone to the concentration camps of the Reich but that we liquidate or conduct other necessary punishment on the spot. Everything else is too much bother for the Reich and always leads to difficulties. Here we have an entirely different method of treating people, and we must stick to our own local methods. I want to draw your attention to the fact that even if peace is concluded, nothing will change in our treatment. Peace will merely mean that then, as a world power, we will carry into life the same general, political line, only with greater intensity." major extermination camps were indeed located on the territory of the Government General. proportions they assumed, and if in 1940 Frank made a long speech to the policemen justifying the so called actions with regard to several thousand Polish intellectuals, then on the 19th of March, 1944, in his speech at the Reichstag, he stated -- I quote from page 93 of the document file, third paragraph, second column:
"13th of March, 1944, Speech at Reichstag.
"Dr. Frank: If I would go to the Fuehrer and tell him, My Fuehrer, I am reporting to you that again I just destroyed 150,000 Poles,' he would say, 'Fine, if it was necessary.' governed by him and which fell only temporarily into the hands of the Fascist invaders, at least three million Jews. On this occasion Frank said -and I quote the speech at labor meeting of NSDAP in Cracow the 4th of March, 1944. The Tribunal will find this excerpt on page 93 of the document book, second paragraph, second column of the text:
"Dr. Frank: If there is some compassionate soul today who cries out about the Jews and says, 'Isn't it awful what is being done to the Jews,' then we should ask him if he still has the same opinion today. If today we had in the country two million Jews on one side and a few Germans on the other, taking into consideration the Jewish energy, we wouldn't be the master of the situation.
The Jews -- it is a race that must be destroyed. Wherever we catch even one, we will do away with him."
I pass on to that part of Frank's diary -
THE PRESIDENT: Shall we adjourn now?
(A recess was taken.)
COLONEL SMINOV: I received some information on those eleven pages which were not incorporated into the English text and the eleven pages were given to you. Is it true sir?
THE PRESIDENT: Please do.
COLONEL SMINOV: May I continue?
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
COLONEL SMINOV: So I am quoting now from Frank's diary ina place which the Court will find on page 93 of the document file, in the second column of the text, second paragraph, entitled with the subtitle, "The meeting of political leaders of NSDAP in Cracow, on January 15, 1944."
"DR. FRANK: I was not ashamed to state that for every German killed, up to a hundred Poles will be shot."
In these dark days the Polish people treated Frank's victims as martyrs. The Polish people cherished their memory. Scaffolds and shootings did not insure fear but a will to resist and to struggle. at a Government meeting in Cracow Frank stated -- I am quoting excerpts from the diary on page 92 in the document book, third paragraph after the heading, the first column of the text:
"We must figure out whether it will always be wise to execute, at the precise spot where the attempt to murder a German was made. "We must also figure it out whether it wouldn't be possible to organize special spots where executions take place, as it is definitely established that the Polish population simply streams to the accessible places of execution, where it gathers the earth soaked in blood and takes this earth to church."
I brought Frank's diary to your attention, Your Honors, because he was one of Hitler's closest associates and because this very well-known "learned" jurist of Fascism was actually a positive "alter ego" of those who cut in two the bodies of children in the Yanov Camp and was at the same time one of the creators of that part of the legal code of the German Fascists which completely negated justice.
After all, the whole juridical wisdom of "Mein Kampf" fundamentally comes down to just one formula, that is, that "might is right." I studied this book and it comes down to that fundamental principle. I quote the 64th Edition, page 740. Hitler needed to clothe in legal form the inhumane theories of Fascism.
And how far Frank's directives went, containing as they did all of Hitler's orders how deep they descended in degradation of the basic ideas of justice which are incorporated in the criminal and civil law of all civilized people, can be seen in the order set forth in document which I am bringing now to the Tribunal, one of Frank's directives published in the official bulletin of the Governor General. It is dated the 2nd of October, 1943, and it is being presented by the Soviet delegation as Exhibit USSR335. The Tribunal will find the document on page 95 in the document book. I quote the document at length, in full:
"A decree concerning the battle against attacks upon German construction in the Government General.
"2 October 1943.
"On the basis of Section 5, paragraph 1 of the Fuehrer's decree of 12 October 1939 (Reichsgesetzblatt, volume 1), I decree the following until further notice:
"Section 1.
"(1) Non-Germans, who violate laws, decrees or directives and orders of the authorities, with the object of hindering or disturbing German construction in the Government General are to be punished by death.
"(2) Paragraph 1 does not apply to subjects of countries allied to the Greater German Reich, nor does it apply to subjects of countries not at war with the Reich.
"Section 2.
"The abettor and the accomplice will be punished in the same manner as the one carryoug out the deed, the attempted deed as the completed deed.
"Section 3.
"(1) The summary courts of the Security Police shall be the competent authority for passing out sentence.
"(2) For exceptional reasons, the summary court off the Security Police may hand over the matter to the German prosecution.
"Section 4.
"The summary courts of the Security Police are composed of one SS Fuehrer of the office of the Commander of the Security Police and of the Security Service, as well as of two members of this office.
"Section 5.
"(1) There shall be ordered:
1. The names of the judges, 2. The names of those sentenced, 3. The evidence on which the sentence was based, 4. The offense, 5. The date of sentence, 6. The date of the carrying out of the sentence.
"(2) For the rest, the summary court of the Security Police will determine its procedure upon proper consideration.
"Section 6.
"The sentences passed by the summary courts are to go into effect immediately.
"Section 7.
"In so far as a crime as defined in Section 1 and 2 of this decree constitutes another crime punishable by summary court procedures, only the procedural provisions of this decree are applicable.
"Section 8.
"This decree is effective as of 10 October 1943.
"Cracow, 2 October 1943.
"Signed: The Governor General, Frank." single punishment, that is, death, for practically any action of the "Non-German," regardless of whether such action was classified by the German Overlords as constituting a breach of law or a violation of an administrative order.
interpreted as directed against the Germans and which for that reason any police official could so classify (paragraph 2 of the above-quoted document).
The defendant had no procedural rights and no guarantees. The document which in accordance with paragraph 5 was to take the place of the court verdict was, as it is evident from the questions which had to be recorded in writing, actually was for the purpose of registering in written form the individual point of execution.
It was not at all for the purpose of guaranteeing that the punishment was legal or had any basis.
All appeals to the higher authorities were forbidden. The verdict was to be executed immediately. basis of Frank's directives, was actually merely a mockery of justice. The court--and it seams to me that word "court" should be in quotation marks--consisted of three officials of the same SD which kept arresting innocent people on the streets of Polish towns and organizing wanton mass shootings of hostages. basis of the aforementioned document, you shall see from the text of another document submitted to the Tribunal as USSR Exhibit number 332. The document which is being turned over to the Court is the original copy of the minutes of interrogation of the attorney, Stefan Korbonski, and is also a translation of the document into Russian, which was certified by the members of the Polish delegation. Stefan Korbonski lives in Warsaw according to information received from the Polish delegation, and should the Tribunal want to call Korbonski for cross-examination, he can be brought in here. introductory part of the document. Stefan Korbonski, who is a lawyer, was interrogated and testified that he was one of the leaders of resistance among the Polish people to the German invaders. In the second half of the minutes the Tribunal will find a place in the document book, on page 98, and it goes on to page 102. Stefan Korbonski mentions exactly the same directives of Frank's which were read into the record by no just now. In paragraph one of the examination he states that in the beginning of October, 1943 when the Germans posted the walls of the houses in Warsaw and other cities of the Government General, they posted the text of that particular order of Frank's which was read into the record by me.
I omit the first part on page 99 in the document book. I shall read the quotation that I do, because it seems to me that this document is very characteristic.
"Soon after the publication of this decree and quite independently from the increasing number of death penalties secretly applied by the Germans in what used to be the Warsaw Ghetto, and in the Warsaw jail, which was called 'Pavwiac,' the Germans began to introduce public executions, that is, shooting of large groups of Poles, from 20 to 200 persons.
"These public executions were performed in the various districts of the city, in streets usually opened to normal traffic, which were then surrounded by the Gestapo guards, so that all the population caught within the surrounding district would have to watch the execution either from the street, or from the windows of the houses in the neighbourhood.
"The person shot during these public executions consisted either of members of the 'Pavwiac' or other persons arrested in the street by other means as well, and sometimes even the people caught immediately before the execution at a number of these public executions, as well as the number of persons executed each time kept increasing until it reached 200 persons. These executions continued up to the very beginning of the Warsaw insurrection. At first the Germans brought the Poles to the place of execution in covered trucks. They were usually in civilian clothes, and sometimes their hands were tied behind their backs, but when the victims were thus brought to the place of execution, they would usually shout, "Down with Hitler," "Long Live Poland," "Down with the Germans," and similar things. It was then that the Germans took steps to minimize the possibility of any such disturbances, and began to fill their mouths with cement, or seal their lips together with tape.
The victims were brought from the 'Pavwiac' clothed in shirts, or in clothes made out of paper.
"I used to receive, quite often, information from our underground organization, and through our agents who were working in the Pavwiac jail, that shortly before the execution the Germans sometimes performed operations on the condemned. They would let out the blood and would inject various chemical substances to cause physical weakness, and thus prevent attempts for escape or for resistance.
"For that reason the condemned were brought to the place of execution pale, weak and apathetic, so that they were barely able to stand on their feet. Even so, they acted as heroes and never begged for mercy.
"The bodies of those who were shot were loaded on the trucks by other prisoners and were taken to what used to be a Ghetto, where, usually, they were burned. The prisoners whose duties it was to transport and to burn the corpses were primarily prisoners from the prison of Pavwiac, and were always appointed to this task.
"The Polish population immediately covered with flowers the blood spots which were left on the ground. Lighted candles were placed where the corpses were laid, and on the walls surrounding the places crosses and ikons were displayed. During the night members of the underground or resistance organizations would put an inscription in lacquer on the walls, such as 'Glory to Heroes," 'Glory to those who Perished for the Fatherland,' and so forth. When the Germans would notice these inscriptions they would arrest anybody who happened to be on the spot, and would take those persons to the Pavwiac prison. Sometimes the Germans would shoot at groups of men who were kneeling and who were praying right in those places where executions had taken place, such as, for example, on Senator "After each public execution the Germans would put on the walls "In Warsaw alone the Germans shot several thousand Poles by this method of public execution.
That is not counting victims who were shot in other towns.
In the Cracow District several thousand men were similarly shot."
In this manner Hans Frank's directive, which I have already, submitted to the Court, was realized in life.
It becomes clear from Korbonski's testimony why, on the 16th of December, 1943, there appears in Frank's-
THE PRESIDENT: Shouldn't that be 1942?
COLONEL SMINOV: The 16th of December, 1943, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT: It reads "1942" in our document.
COLONEL SMINOV: My Lord, evidently the translation is wrong.
of December, 1943, the government meeting in Cracow took place.
May I check it ones again from the text?
THE PRESIDENT: "Well, in our statement of the document it is translated as 16 December, 1942. It is wrong in one place or the other.
COLONEL SMINOV: In the testimony itself, in paragraph 1, Korbonski mentions that in the beginning of October, 1943, the Germans -- and so on. That is in the testimony itself. If the Tribunal will refer to the original of the document you will find, in paragraph 1, "at the beginning of October 1943."
THE PRESIDENT: I see; it is 1943. It was wrongly translated in the first place.
COLONEL SMINOV: Yes, 1943.
May I continue?
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
COLONEL SMINOV: Thank you, sir. the right of the "Waster Race" and the lack of right for the subject peoples or for the peoples whom the fascist "Master Race" already conquered was first applied. please, to refer to two short excerpts from the report of the Government of the Polish Republic, which has already been presented to this honorable Court by my colleagues as USSR 93. be found on page 110 in the document file, the section dealing with Germanization of Polish law. It is the fourth paragraph after the heading, and I shall quote only two paragraphs of this section:
"In the Government General the mechanics of justice were especially changed by the decree of October 26, 1939. It bears Frank's signature.
"Polish law courts were subordinated to German law courts, which had been established within the Government General. They could only judge such cases in which the German law courts were not competent. New principles of law became valid. Penalties were imposed according to intuition; the defendant was robbed of his right to choose a defense counsellor and of the right to appeal.
German law was introduced and Polish law was Germanized." report, and I shall continue to quote at page 51 of the Russian text. The Court will find it on page 129 in the document book, the third paragraph of the text entitled "Legal Murders." That is page 129, the third paragraph, under the heading "Legal Murders'." I shall quote only a few excerpts from it:
"On the 4th of December, 1941, Goering, Frick and Lammers signed a decree which put all Poles and Jaws within the annexed territories outside of the law. The decree made Poles and Jews into a different and second-class group of citizens. According to the sense of this decree, Poles and Jews were forced to render unconditional obedience to the German Reich, but on the other hand they had, as second-class citizens, no right for the protection of the laws as other citizens enjoyed this right." which deals with death sentences. It begins this way:
"Death sentences were also permissible in the following cases:
"1. Removal or public damage of posters placed by German authorities.
"2. Acts of ciolence committed against members of the armed forces.
"3. Insult of the Reich's prestige or honor, or violation of her interests.
"4. Damage of property belonging to German authorities.
"5. Damage of objects destined for public works.
"6. Attempted disobedience to directions and orders published by German authorities, and some other cases, which would really only justify a sentence of a short time in jail."
I shall omit one passage and I shall limit my quotation to this:
"The Poles were forbidden, in accordance with the official directives of the Nazis, to have relations with Germans, so that the noble blood of Herrenvolk would not be dishonored. Whoever would'attempt to do this, of course, took his life in his own hands. But not only the court, the German law court had to impose judgment in these cases. It was considered as unnecessary to start a long law suit. A common order by the police was enough to rob people of their lives." the report of the Czechoslovak Government, is referred to as the "Judicial Terror". It seems to me that "Legal Terror" is the correct term. on the, part of the Hitlerites of all the accepted moral and legal forms of conduct. The report of the Czechoslovak Government, already submitted to the Tribunal by my colleagues as USSR Exhibit No. 60, narrates in detail this process, beginning with the so-called people's courts, and ending with the organization of the so-called Standgerichte. I really do not know how to translate this property, so I use this term "Standgerichte", familiar to us already from this picture of the Nazi arbitrary activities in Poland. is narrated in the report in too great a detail, so therefore I shall use only a few short excerpts. I shall begin my quotation on page 162 of the document book, the last paragraph. I begin:
"The granting of the power to proclaim a state of civil emergency was already applied on the 28th of September, 1941. Through a decree published the same date, which was signed, by Heydrich, a state of civil emergency was proclaimed for the territory of the Oberlandrat Prague, and, a few days later, for most of the remaining parts of the protectorate.
"Standgerichte, which were set up immediately, were active during the entire period, and they proclaimed 778 death sentences. All were executed, and 1,000 people were turned over to the Gestapo, that is, to concentration camps."
I omit the end of the paragraph, and I quote the following paragraph:
"The only directive as to who may take ever positions of judges in the Standgerichte is really in the decree of the 28th of September, 1941."
graph. I begin this way:
"The decree does not indicate as to who may take over the position of judge in the Standgerichte, whethr the judges should be professional people or laymen, and whether the sentences are to be decided by a jury or only by a judge. The decree merely stated: 'Standgerichte may be set up by the Reichs Protektor; he is competent to choose people who are to carry out the duties of the office of a judge.'" last paragraph:
"Referring to the information that we have at hand so far, on the basis of this information the judges in the Standgerichte were professional judges only in exceptional cases. As a rule, the most important attribute was political reliability. That is the reason why judges were, one could almost say without exception, members and executives of the NSDAP or other National Socialist organizations; that is, people who, with some exceptions, possessed not the slightest knowledge of law, and had no experience in criminal trials." at page 166 of the document book, at the beginning ofthe last paragraph, and I will then go on to page 167:
"Standgerichte were never held publicly. Inasmuch as the public was excluded from the pre-trial investigations, the very existence of this tribunal increased the doubts of safety. There was no appeal against sentences passed by Standgerichte. The record of the investigation and the trial contained only the list of the names of judges, of the defendants, and the witnesses, and also the nature of the crime and the date of the sentence. That is Part 4, paragraph 2 of the decree.
"The establishment of such courts which render such meager information has only one purpose in mind, and that is to prevent any sort of control and to keep in silence everything which took place in the trial, so that all traces of everything done was covered.
"According to paragraph 4, Standgerichte could only pass the death sentence or turn over thedefendants to the secret Gestapo." general comments on the same matter, and I shall continue my quotation at page 169, the first paragraph:
"Sentences passed by the Standgerichte must be carried out immediately. (Part 4, Paragraph 3 of the decree). Many examples have demonstrated that this brutal National Socialistic legislation was never carried out in milder form. At the end of the so-called trial, it was left to the judges to decide whether the condemned should be shot or hanged. (Section 4, Paragraph 3 of the decree). One did not grant to the condemned person even a short reprieve in order to prepare for death. A pardon was not even taken into consideration, in the decree. In any case, it would have been impossible in view of the brutal haste with which the sentence of the summary courts was carried out." to theterroristic legal laws in Czechoslovakia, with a quotation from page 169, the fourth line from the top, and further:
"It is quite evident that the summary court cannot be considered as tribunal, which, in accordance, with general opinion, should be characteristic of a tribunal; and also, that the procedures of the trials of the Standgerichte were really in violation of all the principles of all the laws of all civilized people. Standgerichte cannot be really called a tribunal, and its trial procedure cannot be called really a trial and trial sentence. I think the proper term would be verdict.
"The executions, conducted as the carrying out of verdicts of summary courts, differ in no way from other executions without trial. They must be classified as murders.
"It is impossible to find, in the regulations which determined the methods ofprocedure of the Standgerichte, even a trace of humaneness. For instance, the regulation which sets but that the sentences orthe verdicts shall be carried out immediately, and the fact that it does not give to the condemned even the smallest reprieve to prepare for his death, is really a form of brutality which, like the institute of Standgerichte as a whole, was meant to serve the purpose of terrorizing the population."
the liberty of remarking that the institution of Standgerichte did not exclude all sorts of condemnations by the police, by a simple procedure which was established by Frank in Poland. mony, were laws which should be punishable as crimes. and specifically for this purpose the so-called laws were created. laws and directives of Hitlerite criminals regarding the civilian population of the Soviet Union.
Fascist gang of bandits considered these laws and "legal" principles, especially created for the justification for thier crimes insufficient.
I would, of course, with the Tribunal's permission like to read to the Tribunal three lines of the document previously presented to the Tribunal. I am referring to Document L-221, which was submitted to the Tribunal by the American prosecution. This is Hitler's reply which was thrown at Goering at the conference of the 16th of July, 1941. The Tribunal will find the place on page 189 in the document file in the first paragraph, first line.
THE PRESIDENT: That document has been read already.
COLONEL SMINOV: Yes, Your Honor. I shall take the liberty of quoting only three lines of this document with your permission, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, go on, but I think that the rest of the page which you are reading is all comments and you can go straight on to the next document. Read the three lines.
COLONEL SMINOV: I would like to cite to the Court those three lines.
Hitler said: "The gigantic territory must, of course, be pacified as soon as possible." I am quoting on account of the next sentence, Your Honor. Hitler said: "The best way to attain this objective was to shoot anybody who simply casts one ugly look." directives and orders, special laws of Hitlerites in USSR.
THE PRESIDENT: Now, what I am suggesting to you is that the rest of the page which you are now passing in our translation is quite unnecessary to read and you can go straight on, at any rate, to the directive of Keitel of the 16th of September 1941.
COLONELSMINOV: All right, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: It has been read already.
COLONEL SIMINOV? May I continue:
THE PRESIDENT: Yes
COLONEL SMINOV: I quote a directive of Keitel regarding the communist movement, which is dated September 16, 1941. This directive was submitted to the Tribunal by the American prosecution as US Exhibit P-96. I quote, on page page 190 of your document book, paragraph 3, line 4."One must bear in mind that human life in the countries which it concerns is of no value whatever, and that intimidating reaction is only possible in the form of application of extraordinary cruelty."
already been presented as 459-PS, which I shall not quote a single line of, but I shall take the liberty to remind the Tribunal that paragraph 6 of this document mentions that any sort of resistance should be broken, not by any legal point of punishment, but the occupying authorities will instill in the population that fear which is the only one that is capable, as it is said in the directive, to deprive the population of any will for resistance. two lines from the directive of theCommander of the Sixth Army, General Field Marshal von Reichenau, which was approved by Hitler, and which was already presented to the Honored Court by my colleague as USSR Exhibit 12. The Court will find it on page 194 in the document book, line 19 from the top. There are two lines which I want to quote now. It is said there:
"The fear of German counter-measures must be stronger than the threat of the Bolshevist remnants still wandering around." pseudo-legal documentation and which is so characteristic of the ordinances and directives of Hans Frank, but it develops that this document has already been presented to the Court, and I don't consider it possible to retain the attention of the Tribunal to read into the record the document which has already been read to the Honorable Tribunal. I am referring to the circular order of Chief Office of the State Security No. 567 (42-176), dated November 5, 1942. It develops that this document has already been presented by the American colleagues and it was presented under the Exhibit No. L-316. I just want to remind the Honorable Tribunal that this document mentioned that even the principles which should be used for evaluation of activities of non-Germans should be altogether different. Any actions of a non-German should be construction not in the light of justice but exclusively in the light of general preventive ness. I think that this document is well known to the Tribunal and I shall not quote it.
followed upon the steps of the aggressors' troops, the civilian population was abandoned to the arbitrary will of the specially trained and cruel bestial representatives of German Fascist's police forces. ment which was already presented to the Court, No. 447-PS, to quote only one line of this document, which the Tribunal will find on page 197, first paragraph after the title "The Origins of the Operations". It is set out there by special authority of the Reichsferhrer of the SS, and it is also stated: "Within the scope of these problems the Reichsfuehrer of the SS shall act independently and under his own responsibility."
It is well known what the Reichsferhrer SS really was. From many statements of Himmler's, I shall limit myself only to one quotation which really is quite characteristic since it is a directive to the responsible officials of the SS subordinate to Himmler and high executives. at Poznan, Himmler said --this document was submitted to the Tribunal by the American prosecution as US Exhinit No. 1919-PS and it was read into the record on the 19th of December 1945. I shall only quote six lines from page 23 of the photostat of this document. The Court will find the six lines on page 201 in the document book presented to the Tribunal.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal feels that if the document has already been read, it should not be read again.
COLONEL SMINOV: It seems to me that this particular place was not read into the record, Mr. President. The document was presented on the 19th of October 1945, but this particular excerpt which I wanted to quote, it seems to me, was not ready into the record at that session.
THE PRESIDENT: Of course, if you verified that and can state that with certainty, then you may certainly read it.
COLONEL SMINOV: I looked through the shorthand minutes and transcript and I could not find this; so it seems to me that it was not read into the record and, inasmuch as this document was presented by my American colleagues, that is the reason why I want to limit myself to quote only six lines out of this document.