Streicher, who was accompanied by his son, Lothar, had the youths brought in singly and question them about their sex life and in particular, through clear and detailed questioning, he laid stress on determining whether and since when they masturbated."
THE PRESIDENT: Is it necessary to go into it?
LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: I quote the last two lines of that "The last one of these three boys he beat with his riding whip, with blows on the head and on the rest of the body."
"According to reports of reliable witnesses, Gauleiter he said that nobody could remove him from office.
In a meeting at "For, this also must be stated here, in Franconia the to approve."
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal isn't altogether satisfied that
LT. COL. GRIFFITH-JONES: My Lord, it is the object of that ruled; and secondly to show the absolute authority with which this Defendant acted in his district.
That is the purpose of that control of his newspaper.
I would only quote one further short extract from the "Steurmer," an article written by him on the 4th "It is really the truth that the Jews, so to speak, have Europe, has ceased to exist.
However, the Fuehrer of the German pass."
on in the East, of which this Court has had such evidence. That was written November, 1913.
In April '43, the Tribunal will remember, the Warsaw ghetto was destroyed.
Between April 191.2 and I leave the "Der Stuermer" and I would draw the attention of the other aspect of this man's activity, and that is the particular or the perversion of the children and the youth of Germany.
He was not content with inciting the German population.
He seized the poison their minds at the earliest possible date.
In some of the teaching them anti-Semitism.
I refer now to page 54 of the document starting in the middle of the last paragraph.
It is a report of a speech by Streicher as early as June, 1925, when he says:
"I repeat, we demand the transformation of the school into a national German institution of education. If we let German children be taught by German teachers, then we shall have laid the foundations for the national German school. This national German school must teach racial doctrine." following page.
"We demand, therefore, the introduction of racial doctrine into the school."
That is in a copy of "Der Stuermer", which has already been put in.
It is GB 165.
The following document is an extract from the "Fraenkische Tageszeitung" of the 19th of March 1934, when he addressed a girl's school at Preisslerstrasse after their finishing their vocational course. He was continually holding children's meetings and attending children's schools. I quote the third paragraph:
"Then Julius Streicher spoke about his life and told them about a girl who at one time went to his school and who fell for a Jew and was finished for the rest of her life".
"I needn't read the rest. It is all in the same tone. I read the last paragraph only. I think I can omit the whole of the rest of that. That becomes GB 177. celebration, some pagan rite where the youth of Nuernberg were rallied, organized, or at least encouraged by the defendant Streicher. On Page 58 of the document book is a report taken from his paper, "Fraenkische Tageszeitung", of his speech to the Hitler Youth on what they called the "Holy Mountain" near Nuernberg, on the 22nd of June 1935.
"Boys and girls, look back to a little more than ten years ago. A great war---the World War---had whirled over the peoples of the earth and had left in the end a heap of ruins. Only one people remained victorious in this dreadful war, a people of whom Christ said its father is the devil. That people had ruined the German nation in body and soul. Then Adolf Hitler, unknown to anybody, arose from among the people and became the voice which called to a holy war and battle. He cried to the people for everybody to take courage again and to rise and get a helping hand to take the devil from the German people, so that the human race night be free again from these people that have wandered about the world for centuries and millenia, marked with the sign of Cain.
"Boys and girls, even if they say that the Jews were once the chosen people, do not believe it, but believe us when we say that the Jews are not a chosen people. Because it cannot be that a chosen people should act among the peoples as the Jews do today".And so on, with similar kind of propaganda.
That document will be GB-178. see that it was a report of Streicher's address to 2,000 children at Nuernberg at Christmas-time, 1936. Underlined it says "Do you know who the Devil is", he asked his breathlessly listening audience. "The Jew, the Jew", resounded from a thousand children's voices."
But he wasn't content only with writing and talking. I beg your pardon, that becomes GB-179. He was not content with talking and meeting them and writing. He actually issued a book for teachers, a book which he published from His "Der Stuermer" offices, called "The Jewish question and school instruction."
I have not had the whole of that book translated. It is addressed to school teachers. It is intended for their benefit, and it emphasizes the necessity of anti-Semitic teaching in schools, and it suggests ways in which the subject can be introduced and handled. which have been taken from that book. The preface part of it is as follows:
"The national socialist state brought fundamental changes into all spheres of life of the German people.
"It has also presented the German teacher with some new tasks. The national socialist state demands that its teachers instruct German children in social questions. As far as the German people is concerned the racial question is a Jewish question. Those who want to teach the child all about the Jew must themselves have a thorough knowledge of the subject."
I will quote from the paragraph opposite Page 5 in the margin. The whole of the rest of the Extracts are really suggestions for teachers as to how to introduce the Jewish subject into their teaching, and at Page 5, the introduction:
"Racial and Jewish questions are the fundamental problems of the national socialist ideology.
The solution of these problems will secure the existence of National Socialism and with this the existence of our nation for all time. The enormous significance of the racial question is recognized almost without exception today by all the German people. In order to attain this recognition, our people had to travel through a long road of suffering."
DR. MARX: (Counsel for Streicher): I would like to point out the following: The prosecutor omitted in his presentation that the book he just referred to, that this book was not written by Streicher, the defendant, but by Mr. Fink. If the prosecutor would have read the next sentence in that case the Tribunal would have known about this point. My client has called my attention to this point." I myself notice it also because the following sentence reads as follows:
"Schulrat Fritz Fink wants to help the German teachers with his book in giving instruction in schools." It is perfectly clear that Fink is the author of the book. author of this little booklet,
THE PRESIDENT: Have you finished what you wish to say?
DR. MARX: Yes, sir, I have finished what I wanted to say.
THE PRESIDENT: I would point out to you that although the book does appear to have written by Fritz Fink, which is stated in the paragraph at the top, it has a preface by Streicher, so we may presume that Streicher authorized it; and it was published and printed by "Der Stuermer."
DR. MARX: That is correct. May I add something? I just wanted to call the attention of the Tribunal to the fact that it is not understandable that just that particular sentence was not read. One could be of the opinion that this was an original work of Streicher, which case the question of whether Streicher agreed with that work would appear of minor importance.
THE PRESIDENT: But you see, Dr. Marx, that counsel was reading actually from the preface by Streicher. That is the last passage that he read, or almost the last, was the preface by Streicher.
The last passage I have got marked is the passage on page 60, which is headed "Preface", and is signed by Julius Streicher, which says in terms that the book was written by School Inspector Fritz Fink, Let's not take any further time about it.
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: I think I have reached -
THE PRESIDENT: Will you read the last words of that preface on page 60 there "Those who take to heart"? SIR GRIFFITH JONES: Your Lordship, if you please, I read towards the end of the paragraph, the first paragraph of the preface: "Those who take to heart all that has been written with such feeling by Fritz Fink, who for many years has been greatly concerned about the German people, will be grateful fo the creator of this outwardly insignificant publication." Then it is signed by Julius Streicher, City of the Reich Party Rallies, Nuernberg, in the year 1937.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes.
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: That book is GB-180. I would just read the last two lines, which I wasn't able to read before Dr. Marx interposed. The last three lines of the paragraph under "Introduction:" "No one should be allowed to grow up in the midst of our people without this knowledge of the monstrous character and dangerousness of the Jew." that book. The nature of the book I hope is clear. I would only refer to the last three lines on the next page in the document book, taking another extract from it:
"One who has reached this stage of understanding will inevitably remain an enemy of the Jews all his life and will instil this hatred into his own children."
The "Stuermer" did publish also some children's books, although I make it quite clear that I am not alleging that the defendant himself wrote the books.
But they were published from his publishing business, and they are of course on the same line of everything else that was published and issued from that business. English, or the English translation, is as follows: "Don't trust the fox in the green meadow nor the Jew on his oath." It is a picture book for children. There are pictures, all of them offensive pictures depicting Jews, of which a variety of selections appears in the Tribunal's book which follows. And opposite each picture there is a little story. thing which appears opposite each picture. On Page 6 of the book we find, opposite the first picture in the Tribunal's document book, a very unpleasant-looking Jew butcher cutting up some meat:
"Jesus Christ says, 'The Jew is a murderer through and through.' And when Christ had to die the Lord didn't know any other people who would have tortured him to death, so he chose the Jews. That is why the Jews pride themselves on being the chosen people." I beg your pardon. I was wrong in saying it occurred opposite the first picture. That is another extract from the book. The writing opposite the first picture is as follows:
"The Jewish butcher: He sells half refuse instead of meat. A piece of meat lies on the floor, the cat claws another. This doesn't worry the Jewish butcher since the meat increases in weight. Besides, one mustn't forget, he won't have to eat it himself."
Well, again in the interest of time, it isn't perhaps worth quoting the contents of that book any further. The Tribunal can see the type of book it is, the type of teaching it was instilling into the minds of the children. The pictures speak for themselves. led away by a Jew. On the next page we see the defendant smiling benignly at a children's party, greeting the little children. The next picture depicts copies of "Der Stuermer" posted on a wall with children looking at them.
The next picture perhaps requires a little explanation. It is a picture of Jewish children being taken away from an Aryan school, led away by a very unpleasant looking father, presumably, and all the Aryan children shouting and dancing and enjoying the fun very much.
THE PRESIDENT: You won't be able, will you, to finish in a short time? Perhaps we'd better adjourne now.
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: I have about another 20 minutes.
THE PRESIDENT: Oh, yes, we will adjourn now.
(A recess was taken from 1520 to 1530 hours)
SIR GRIFFITH JONES: My Lords, I had finished describing that one children's book. There is a similar book called "The Poisonous Fungus," which has, in fact, been put in evidence already. It is a book very much the same in character and appearance and is numbered US 257. It was put in evidence, but it was not read to the Tribunal, and I would like to read one of the short stories from that book because it shows, perhaps, more strikingly, I think, than any other extract to which we have referred, the revolting way in which this man poisoned the minds of his listeners and readers. Document Book shows one of the pictures, a girl sitting in a Jewish doctor's waiting room. man, and it is only by reading these things that it becomes possible to believe the kind of education that the German children have been receiving over these years, headed by this man.
I quote from the story:
"Inge"--that is the girl--"Inge sits in the reception room of the Jew doctor. She has to wait a long time. She looks through the journals which are on the table. Put she is much too nervous to read even a few sentences. Again and again she remembers the talk with her mother. And again and again her mind reflects on the warnings of her leader of the League of German girls. 'A German must not consult a Jew doctor. And particularly not a German girls. Many a girl that went to a Jew doctor to be cured, found disease and disgrace!'
"When Inge had entered the waiting room she experienced an extraordinary incident. From the doctor's consulting room she could hear the sound of crying. She heard the voice of a young girl: 'Doctor, doctor, leave me alone!'
"Then she heard the scornful laughing of a man. And then, all of a sudden, it become absolutely silent. Inge had listened breathlessly.
"What may be the meaning of all this?" she asked herself, and her heart was pounding.
And again she thought of the warning of her leader in the League of German Girls.
"Inge was already waiting for an hour. Again she takes the journals in an endeavor to read. Then the door opens. Inge looks up. The Jew appears. She screams. In terror she drops the paper. Horrified she jumps up. Her eyes stare into the face of the Jewish doctor. And this face is the face of the devil. In the middle of this devil's face is a huge crooked nose. Behind the spectacles two criminal eyes. And the thick lips are grinning, a grinning that expresses: 'Now I got you at last, you little German girl!'
"And then the Jew approaches her. His fleshy fingers stretch out after her. But now Inge has composed herself. Before the Jew can grab hold of her, she smacks the fat face of the Jew doctor with her hand. One jump to the door. Breathlessly Inge runs down the stairs. Breathlessly she escapes the Jew house." of the age which are going to read the books you have seen. course, of the Defendant, with his youthful admirers standing around looking at it, and the script opposite that picture, which appears on page 70 of the document book, includes the words, and I quote from the one but last paragraph, "Without a solution of the Jewish question there will be no salvation for mankind." speeches:
"That is what he shouted to us. All of us could understand him. And when, at the end, he shouted 'Sieg-Heil' for the Fuehrer, we all acclaimed him with tremendous enthusiasm. For two hours Streicher spoke at that occasion. To us it appeared to have been but a few minutes." columns of Der Sturmer itself. In April 1936 there appears only one letter from many, many others that appear in other copies from children of all ages.
I quote the third paragraph of this letter, the letter signed by the boys and girls of the National Socialist Youth Hostel at Grossmuellen:
"Today we saw a play on how the devil persuades the Jew to shoot a conscientious National Socialist. In the course of the play the Jew did it too. We all heard the shot. We would have all liked to jump up and arrest the Jew. But then the policeman came and after a short struggle took the Jew along. You can imagine, dear Stunner, that we heartily cheered the policeman. In the whole play not one name was mentioned, but we all knew that this play represented the murder by the Jew Frankfurter. We were very sick when we went to bed that night. None felt like talking to the others. This play made it clear to us how the Jew sets to work."
My Lord, that is already in, as I have stated. It is GB-170. authority as a Gauleiter. It appears in the Organization Book of the NSDAP for 1938 -- which is already in as an exhibit, US 430 -- in speaking of or describing the duties and authority of Gauleiters: The Gauleiter bears overall responsibility for the Fuehrer for the sector of sovereignty entrusted to him. The rights, duties and jurisdiction of the Gauleiter result primarily from the mission assigned by the Fuehrer and, apart from that, from detailed direction.
of the other Defendants -- again can be seen from the newspapers. On the occasion of his 50th birthday, Hitler paid a visit to Nurnberg to congratulate him. That was on the 13th of February, 1934. The account of that meeting is published in the "Voelkischer Beobachter" of that date, and I quote as follows:
"Adolf Hitler spoke to his old comrades in battle and to his followers in words which Trent straight to their hearts. By way of introduction he remarked that it was a special pleasure to be pre sent for a short while in Nurnberg, the town of the National-Socialist community which had been steeled in battle, at this day of honor of Julius Streicher, and to be within the circle of the standard bearers of the National-Socialist idea during many years.
"Just as they all of them had during the years of oppression unshakeably believed in the victory of the movement, so his friend and comrade in the battle, Streicher, had stood faithfully at his side at all times. It had been this unshakeable belief that had moved mountains. "For Streicher it would surely be a solemn thought, that this 50th anniversary meant not only the half-way point of a century, but also of a thousand years of German history to him. He had in Streicher a companion of whom he could say that here in Nurnberg was a man who would never waver for a single second and who would unflinchingly stand behind him in every situation." April 1937, which is already US 258, the copy of the paper:
"If in future years the history of the reawakening of the German people is written, and if already the next generation will be unable to understand that the German people was once friendly to the Jews, it will be stated that Julius Streicher and his weekly paper Der Sturmer have contributed a great deal towards the enlightenment regarding the enemy of humanity."
Signed: "For the Reichsfurhrer SS, Himmler."
That becomes, I am told, US 260. A lot of these documents are already In the bound volumes. Leader, published in Der Sturmer of January 1938:
"It is the historical merit of the Sturmer to have enlightened the broad masses of our people in a popular way as to the Jewish world danger. The Sturmer is right in refusing to fulfil its task in the tone of the aesthetic drawing room. Jewry has shown no regard for the German people. We have, therefore, no cause to be considerate and to spare our worst enemy. What we fail to do today our youngsters of tomorrow will have to suffer for bitterly." physical commission of the crimes against Jews, of which this Tribunal has heard, than some of his co-conspirators. The submission of the Prosecution is that his crime is no less the worse for that reason. And no government in the world, before the Nazis came to power, could have embarked upon and put into effect a policy of mass extermination in the way in which they did, without having a people who would back them and support them, and without having a large number of people, men and women, who were prepared to put their hands to their bloody murder. And not even, perhaps", the German people of previous generations would have lent themselves to the crimes about which this Tribunal has heard, the killing of millions and millions of men and women. educating and poisoning them with hate, that Streicher set himself; and for 25 years he has continued unrelentingly the education--if you can call it so-or the perversion of the people and of the youth of Germany, He has gone on an on, as he saw the results of his work bearing fruit.
In the early days he was preaching persecution. As they took place he preached extermination and annihilation; and, as we have seen in the Ghettos of the East, as millions of Jews were being exterminated and annihilated, he cried out for more and more. Prosecution, that he made these things possible, made these crimes possible, which they would never have been had it not been for him and for those like like him. And he led the propaganda and the execution of the German people in those words.
Without him the Kaltenbrunners, the Himmlers, the General Strupps would have had nobody to do their orders. And, as we have seen, he has concentrated upon the youth and the childhood of Germany. In its extent his crime is probably greater and more far-reaching than that of any of the other defendants. The misery that they caused finished with their incarceration. The effects of this man's crime, of the poison that he has put into the minds of millions and millions of young boys and girls, and young men and women now, goes on.
He leaves behind him a legacy of almost a whole people poisoned with hate, sadism, and murder, and perverted by him. That people remain a problem and perhaps a menace to the rest of civilization for generations to come.
My Lord, the submission of the Prosecution's case against this man as set out in the indictment is proved. will present to the Court the case against Schacht.
LIEUTENANT BRADY BRYSON: Kay it please the Tribunal, a document book has been prepared and filed and the appropriate numbers of copies has been delivered to the Defendants.
We ask the Tribunal's permission to file, within the next few days, a trial brief, which now is in the process of preparation. and preparation of aggressive war.
THE PRESIDENT: What was it you said about the trial brief?
LIEUTENANT BRYSON: We ask permission to file a trial brief within the next few days, as our brief is not yet ready.
THE PRESIDENT: I see.
LIEUTENANT BRYSON: Our proof against the Defendant Schacht is limited to planning and preparation for aggressive war, and to membership in a conspiracy for aggressive war.
The extent of Schacht's criminal responsibility as a matter of law, under the Charter of the Tribunal, will be developed in our brief. Only a few of our 50 odd documents have been previously submitted in evidence. We have taken special pains to avoid repetition and cumulative proof, but for the sake of continuity we would like, in several instances, simply to draw the Tribunal's attention to evidence previously received, with an appropriate reference to the transcript of the record. the Defendant Schacht's control over the Germany economy was on the wane after November 1937, and that by the time of the aggression on Poland his official status had been reduced to that of Minister without Portfolio and personal adviser to Hitler.
We know, too, that he is sometimes credited with opposition to certain of the more radical elements of the Nazi Party; and I further understand that at the time of capture by United States forces he was under German detention in a prison camp, having been arrested by the Gestapo in July, 1944. end of 1937 Schacht was the dominant figure in the rearming of Germany and in the economic planning and preparation for war; that without his work the Nazis would not have been able to wring from their depressed economy the tremendous material requirements of armed aggression; and that Schacht contributed his efforts with full knowledge of the aggressive purposes which he was serving.
The details of this proof will be presented in four parts. First, we will very briefly show that Schacht accepted the Nazi philosophy prior to 1933 and supported Hitler's rise to power. and preparation for war will be submitted. This evidence Will also be brief, since the facts in this respect are well known and have already been touched upon by Mr. Dodd in his presentation of the case on economic preparation for war. posely and willingly with knowledge of and sympathy for its illegal ends.
And last, we will prove that Schacht's loss of power in the German Government did not in any sense imply disagreement with the policy of aggressive war.
early in January 1931, at Goering's house. His impression of Hitler was favorable. I offer in evidence US Exhibit 613, consisting of an excerpt from a pre-trial interrogation of Schacht, under date of 20 July 1945, and quote two questions and answers related to this meeting, near the middle of the first page of the interrogation.
THE PRESIDENT: Are you going to give us the Exhibit number? You haven't given us the other number?
LT. BRYSON: This is an interrogation, sir, and it will not have to -
THE PRESIDENT: Have you got a number for it?
LT. BRYSON: You will find it in your document book in the back, labeled "Schacht Interrogation of SO July 1945." I quote from the middle of the first page:
"Q. What did he (that is, Hitler) say?
"A. Oh, ideas he expressed before, but it was full of will and spirit." And near the bottom of the page:
"What was your impression at the end of that evening?" TEE PRESIDENT: That doesn't seem to be on my first page,
LT. BRYSON: Near the bottom, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: The first page of the Schacht interrogation?
LT. BRYSON: The first page of the Schacht interrogation.
THE PRESIDENT: I beg your pardon. I didn't know there was more than one.
LT. BRYSON: There will be several.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, I see.
LT. BRYSON: I quote near the bottom of the page:
"Q. What was your impression at the end of that evening?
"A. I thought that Hitler was a man with whom one could cooperate." moment in November 1932 he lent the pretige of his name, which was widely known in banking, financial, and business circles throughout the world, to Hitler's cause. I offer in evidence US Exhibit 616, consisting of excerpts from a pre-trial interrogation of Schacht on 17 October 1945.
I wish to quote beginning at the top of page 36 of this interrogation. This is the interrogation of 17 October 1945, at page 36. I may say that when I refer to the page numbers I speak of the page of the document.
THE PRESIDENT: I have only got page 1 and page 9 to 15. I have got it now, yes.
LT. BRYSON: "Q. Yes, and at that time (referring to January 1931) you became a supporter, I take it -
"A. In the course-
"Q. Of Hitler's coming; to power.
"A. Especially in the course of the years 1931 and 1932." gation:
"Q. But what I mean -- to make it very brief indeed -- did you lend the prestige of your name to help Hitler come to power?
"A. I have publicly stated that I expected Hitler to come to power, for the first time that I remember in November '32." I quote further:
"Q. And you know, or perhaps you don't, that Goebbels in his diary records with great affection -
"A. Yes.
"Q. The help that you gave him at that time?
"A. Yes, I know that.
"Q. November, 1932?
"A. From the Kaiserhof to the Chancellory and back, "Q. That's right; you have read that?
"A. Yes.
"Q. And you don't deny that Goebbels was right?
"A. I think his impression was, that was correct at that time." 2409A-PS. The Diary of Goebbels is in evidence as US Exhibit No. 262. The entry I wish to read, which, appears in 2409A-PS, was made on 21 November 1932 "In a conversation with Dr. Schacht, I assured myself that he absolutely represents our point of view.