Witness, is this report correct?
A. What I have already said before is to be applied here, that this is also a mix-up with Commando 5.
Q. Can you give any more facts which point to a mix up between EK 5 and SK 4a?
A. The facts mentioned in No. 2832, in Book II-C, Exhibit 79, situation report 135, this is on page 50-a of the English text, the 19 November 1941, this is on page 51. The localities mentioned in this report, Koselex, Tschernigow, Njeschin, all of these localities were within the area of EK 5, which was in charge of the entire area East of Kiev, down to Poltawa, and to which this area had been given as rear army territory. The same document, page 22 of the original, shows that from the 20 October to the 26 October, 1941, the EK 5, executed the 36 political functionaries and 32 saboteurs and looters and 4372 Jews, in area of Kiev, without mentioning the locality. This is on page 57 of the English. In the week from the 26 October to 1 November, 1941, inclusive, Einsatz Commando 5 executed 40 political functionaries, 60 saboteurs, and looters, and 2585 Jews in the area of Kiev, again without mentioning the specific locality. There it is noted specifically that the number 2654, includes 414 hostages shot as a reprisal for various arsons and 1391 executions carried out by a sub-commando of Einsatz Kommando 5, which had returned from the area of Squirapogrewitscheplisky. This sub-commando at the time in question returned from the area of the EK 5 to Kiev. The mix-up of EK 5 with SK 4a becomes even more evident from the report of the headquarters and radio communications. In document No. 2830 of the 12 November, 1941, and in the document No. 2832 of the 12 November, 1941, and in the document No. 2832 of the 19 November, 1941, SK 4a is credited with signal communications with Dujivovetrowsk, which actually belonged to EK 5. This circumstance can be traced back to the reorganization which the group must have reported to Berlin.
DR. HEIM: Your Honor, I would like to give two exhibit numbers to the documents which the witness has just mentioned; Document NO-2830boars the Exhibit No. 72, and it is in Book 2-C, on page 20, of the English text. The Document NO-2832 is Exhibit No 79, and is on page 58 of the English Document Book.
THE PRESIDENT: Dr. Heim, this might be a good place at which to have a recess.
(A recess was taken.)
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal is again in session.
THE PRESIDENT: Dr. Heim, did you have the opportunity to study the document under a microscope, or under a magnifying glass.
DR. HEIM: I did so, your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: Well, doesn't it seem to you now more likely that it is an "8" rather than a "zero".
DR. HEIM: Your Honor, in an examination I have convinced myself that it is an "8". Especially as on the proceeding page I compared the eights and I can now state that it must be an "8" and not a zero.
THE PRESIDENT: Very well, the record will show definitely and definitively that the date is "18" and not "10".
DR. HEIM: Thank you, your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: yes. BY DR. HEIM: ness of the Operational Reports concerning the mix-up between EK5 and SK4A and I have one question to ask you. During this time did SK4A carry out executions at all, when the SK4A was stationed in Kiev together with EK5? September 1941.
DR. HEIM: I now refer to Document Book II-A of the Prosecution and I turn to page 42 of the German and 43 of the English text. Here we have document NO-3135, Exhibit No. 38, this is an operational report number 111 of 12 October 1941.
On page 4 of the original, of English Document Book, on page 44, the fourth paragraph at the bottom, it says, and I quote: "The Sonderkommando 4-A has by now reached the total number of more than 51,000 executions. Apart from the special action in Kiev of 28 and 29 September, for which 2 Kommandos of the Police Regiment South were detached, all executions carried out sofar were made by that Special Kommando without any assistance or outside help." It is on page 44 of the English text, and it is the fourth paragraph from the bottom. operational report. Will you comment on it, and will you give the Tribunal a detailed statement telling us whether this report about SK4A is true, and whether this SD4A carried out 51,000 executions, and if this statement is in agreement with the facts?
A. The facts according to the operational reports prove that the total figure is incorrect. In various and numerous reports, as I have already said, in connection with the SK-4-A, other units, as, for instance, Army units and units of the Higher SS and Police leader are mentioned. In the operation report of the 12th of October, which is Document 3155, 8800 Jews are reported as having been shot, without mentioning the name of the location of EK-5. From the 25 September until the 5th of October, 1941, the largest part is taken by the sector Kiev; EK-5, with approximately 150 men,-that is three-fourths of the actual kommando,--was stationed in this territory.
Q. Was the SK-4-A in the position, as it was a small unit, able to carry out the following executions within this period mentioned without outside help, these 51,000 minus 33,771, the result of which is 17,229? Will you comment on this?
A. Without any outside help this was practically impossible, and secondly the reported total figures contain execution numbers of other units. One can currently prove it in the succession of documents. There is also, furthermore, the reporter himself added the figures.
Q. I now refer to Document Book II-C of the Prosecution. On Page 28 of the German text--it is Exhibit No. 72, Document NO-2830-is the operational Report 132 of the 12th of November, 1941. It is Page 20 of the English text, your Honor. On Page 5 of the German copy it says, and I quote:
"The number of people executed by SK-4-A has increased to 55,432." That is the end of my quotation. Witness, do you think this figure mentioned here is correct?
A. The figure mentioned here is subject to the same condition as all others which were mentioned, and is equally incorrect. In the same document there are other executions mentioned which were, allegedly, carried out by the SK-4-A in Borispol., Q. mid you learn of these executions at the time?
A. No, I never learned of these executions at the time. The SK was never detailed to Borispol, and SK-4A could not dispose of a platoon, which is about fifty to sixty men.
Here is the same mix-up between a platoon of the EK-5, which is in the rear area territory, with units of SK-4A.
Q. I now refer to Document Book II-C of the Prosecution on Page 43 of the German, Page 37 of the English text. It is Document NO-3404, Exhibit 75. It is Operational Report 119 Of the 20th of October, 1941. On Page 47, the first paragraph in the German text, Page 40 of the English document book, second paragraph from the bottom it says, and I quote: "An operation was carried out in Iwankow on 19 September 1941 by the Sonderkommando 4a with the aid of the militia, in which 166 persons were apprehended and liquidated." That is the end of my quotation. witness, is the report correct?
A. Whether it is correct I do not knew. Through this document I am learning for the first time of this alleged fact. I looked on the map and I saw that Iwankow is north of Markov before Kiev. It is an incident which happened before we reached Kiev. The militia mentioned in the document, according to circumstances prevailing there, must have been subordinate to an Army unit. The action itself is not known to me. From the report it does not become evident for what purpose the executions were supposed to have been carried out. The order for such measures I was not authorized to give. I was not entitled to do so as the executive power was in the hands of the local Army commando. ment 3140, according to which on the 19th of September, 1941, that is, therefore, the same day, in Zhitomir an operation is supposed to have been carried out by the SK-4. Iwankow and Zhitomir are 110 kilometers apart as the crow flies, and the subkommandos at the time were in the vicinity, in a radius around Kiev and were marching towards Kiev, towards the units to which they had been detailed.
Q. In this same document an operation of the SK-4a is mentioned in korosten according to which 177 Jews are supposed to have been executed.
Will you comment on this?
A. By order of the group, three interpreters had been ordered to Korosten as from august 41, before I was detailed there, on the 13th August 1941. I was suffering from Wolhynian fever at the time. The SK-4a, according to my knowledge, never had a subkommando stationed in Korosten, or never had one ordered nor detailed there. The kommandos of the SK-4a were stationed in the frontal area around Kiev in August, or September at least.
Q. Please will you go to Document Book II-c of the Prosecution, to page 31 of the German text. In the English text it is Page 27. There we have Document NO-3151, Exhibit No. 73. on Page 32 of the German text, Page 29 of the English text, the third paragraph from the bottom, an execution is mentioned, an execution, in fact, of 160 people in Korosten. Is this action, according to your opinion, the same as the one mentioned in 3404 in Korosten?
A. In my opinion it is the same operation. The document does not mention any dates, at least no different dates. Both reports were taken from different contexts by the reporter. The situation reports and the other reports originated from the Higher SS and Police Leader.
Q. witness, I now come to the document just mentioned, which was NO-3404. It is in Document Book II-C of the Prosecution, Page 37 of the English book, Page 47 of the German text. On Page 40 of the English text, the second paragraph from the bottom, there is an execution mentioned, an execution of three adolescents by the SK-4a at Radomysohl on 13 September 1941. These adolescents, according to the report, are supposed to have carried out espionage, and therefore were executed. witness, did these executions take place according to your knowledge?
A. What measures were carried out there I cannot say. Basically, any case of espionage had to be reported to the competent Army agency, and in this case it was G-a. The perpetrators had to be arrested and turned over to G-2. In various cases they were parachutists who were arrested.
Q. who, according to your knowledge, gave the order for the execution of these adolescents?
A. It can only have been the competent G-2 division, or the G-2 officer of the AOK/6 who reported the incident and took the according executive measures.
Q. Do you believe that these executions were properly investigated beforehand?
A. Yes, I think than an interrogation must have taken place, interrogation and sentence was here in the hands of the Army.
Q. In the same document it says in the context that the special kommando 4a on the way from Wyrna to Dederow stopped a gypsy band of 32 persons and that these persons were executed by the SK-4a. The reason given was the fact that when the wagons were searched German equipment was found and that the band could not give any information as to the origin of this equipment. Is this report correct?
A. This is the first time that I heard of this report. In the frontal area around Kiev and also the rear Army territory, the existence of gypsies would have been an exceptional thing. In these territories there were no gypsies and no vagabonds. We never met them. It is not known to me that a report of this kind was ever issued or received. The gypsy country was very much more to the south. In the report, in my opinion, again there must have been a mix-up of the authorities of the kommandos. I can find no other explanation.
Q. Witness, you will not be able to tall me the order of execution, based on your statement, of course?
A. No, I can make no statements as to this.
Q. Furthermore, it says in the same document that an advance kommando, a Vorkommando of the SK-4a on the 4th of October, 1941, in B ereslow, with the aid of Ukrainian confidential agents, carried out a Jews-operation. According to this operational report a total of 537 Jews, namely, men, women and adolescents, were apprehended and liquidated. That do you know of these operations as mentioned in the report?
A. I know nothing about the operation itself. The territory at the cast of Kiev was the rear Army territory which came under the EK-5 in which Bereslow is situated. The SK-4a, the advance kommando, was stationed at that time in Charkov or near Charkov, 300 kilometers more to the east. The rest of SK-4a was stationed in Kiev and was not liable for assignment. It was just being restored, and of the men of the actual SK-4a nobody was ever there.
Q. I now refer to Document Book II-C of the Prosecution, Page 62 of the German text. It is Exhibit No. 72, Document NO-2830. In the English Document B ook it is page 20. Here an execution of 1365 people in Lubny is mentioned. Witness, were these executions ordered by you. It is Page 20, 24 of the English document book, first paragraph from the top.
A. These executions were carried out on my orders. A platoon of the SK-4a was never in Lubny. The advance kommando of the SK-4a led by Mueller must have passed Lubny, which is evident in Document 3405 which is in Document Book II-A. It is Exhibit No. 72. On Page 9 of the text it says that this subkommando of the SK-4a took over on the 18th of October, 1941, making use of the file material which was left over by the SK-4a, and it took over the tasks of dealing with current events. As I already ski, a platoon as mentioned in the documents was not at the disposel of the SK-4a and a platoon was not a part of SK-4a, and therefore it cannot have been made use of for a matter of this kind. It must have been a different unit. This is the first time that I heard of an event of this kind.
Q. In the same document it says that on the 8th of October, 1941, special kommando 4a in Jagotin was searching for suspicious elements.
During this operation 125 Jews had been arrested and had been liquidated. Herr Blobel, does this report agree with the fact?
A. The report concerns the same location and it can, therefore, not have referred to SK-4a. I do not know these happenings.
Q. Witness, I want to refer to the document which you mentioned before, and I want to deal with it in detail. Will you take Document Book II-A and will you take Page 61 of the German text? It is Exhibit No. 42, Document NO-3405. It is Operational Report 156 of the 6th January, 1942. It is on Page 57 of the English document book, your Honor. In this document shooting of 34 agents and Communists and 73 Jews of the SK-4a also in Lubny is reported. What do you know about this operation, and what did you ever learn about it?
A. This event concrns the subkommando 4a which in the middle of October, 1941, in Kiev, staffed by one leader and 15 Underleaders and men, was reinstated and subdivided, and marched towards the advance kommando in Charkov. The march passed Lubny at the direction to the sector Charkov. According to the document this subkommando took over the files in Lubny which were left by the preceding kommando. The advance kommando must have marched on by the time of reporting. The files could only be left with the local kommandantura or with an Army unit, and lists concerning information and investigation results must have been at their disposal which were then followed up by the kommando. I remember the leader of this kommando who took part in the reinstatements of the group and was detailed to the group SK-4a, he was quite a now man. I remember, as I say, that later when he arrived in Charkov in December, 1941, he described the state of the kommando and said that the kommando, including members of the Wehrmacht and Army, went to the kommandantura in Lubny and other villages in the vicinity, and that they searched for partisans and raided partisan hiding places, and thus they also found lots of food. The kommando itself found and took with them pickled beef, large supplies of pickled beef, and they found members of armed bands.
The kommando from the beginning of their being stationed in Lubny until the march to the cast, to Charkov, dealt mainly with these matters. After they arrived in Charkov I heard for the first time of this activity, of this subkommando which was floating about in the territory.
THE PRESIDENT: I didn't quite get the connection of the pickled beef in this narrative. Just what was that? Will you repeat it, please?
THE WITNESS: The kommando leader in December, 1941--
THE PRESIDENT: Which kommando leader was this now?
THE WITNESS: The kommando leader of the newly install subkommando which arrived in the vicinity around Lubny on the 18th of October, 1942.
THE PRESIDENT: Which number was it?
THE WITNESS: That was the only subkommando apart from the advance kommando.
THE PRESIDENT: Of the SK-4a?
THE WITNESS: Of the SK-4a, that was part of SK-4a.
THE PRESIDENT: All right.
THE WITNESS: These people arrived in Charkov in December, the advance kommando, the subkommando, and the remainder had to eat in this location and these men carried with them this preserved beef which they had taken with them.
THE WITNESS: It was pickled, beef, as the Russians do prepare it. We distributed it later on to the population of Charkow.
THE PRESIDENT: You distributed this pickled beef to the population?
THE WITNESS: Later on, when the kommandos left, this pickled beef was distributed to the population.
THE PRESIDENT: How much did you have that you could distribute among the population?
THE WITNESS: The barrels.
THE PRESIDENT: Two barrels?
THE WITNESS: Two big beer barrels.
THE PRESIDENT: How we have beer in it? And how much population was there?
THE WITNESS: We did not give it to all the population of Charkow, but to the nearest inhabitants.
THE PRESIDENT: About how many people received a piece of this pickled beef in the beer barrel?
THE WITNESS: By special order of the commander, the population of Charkow were supported in food supplies, because there were emergency circumstances, as far as food goes in Charkow during this particularly severe winter; and kitchens were installed for the people who were in the vicinity and they received a meal from the Wehrmacht rations and for this purpose this beef was used and it was cooked-
THE PRESIDENT: Oh, it was cooked? I thought you said it was pickled.
THE WITNESS: Yes, they make a special kind of meal from this, mixed with beans and the Ukrainians eat it in this manner.
THE PRESIDENT: You said that you distributed the two beer barrels of pickled beef among the population. I want to know how many people were beneficiaries of this beef distribution.
THE WITNESS: Well, there must have been three to four hundredweight of beef, and every day they had large boilers of 150 liters and meat of this kind was added to the beans and men, women, and children, whoever was there, came and got this food in tin plates, they got some soup too and they were most satisfied with this food, because conditions were very bad.
THE PRESIDENT: How many people received the pickled beef from these beer barrels?
THE WITNESS: AT least 100 to 150 people received this food.
THE PRESIDENT: All right. We may proceed with the march.
Q. (By Dr. Heim) Witness, did you finish your answer just then?
A. I want to give details about the condition of the sub-Kommando in December 1941, when they returned from this territory, this was 1 1/2 months later than it says in the document.
Q. Witness, in the same document, it is NO-3405-in Document book II-B of the prosecution, page 65 of the English, page 69 of the German text, there is a section which is headed, "Activities of Sub-Kommando SK-4a in poltawa" -- and quote. In this report it says that in Polotawa on the 23rd of November. 1941, a Jew's extensive operation was carried out during which 1,538 Jews were shot. Did the SK-4a carry out such an action in Poltawa?
A. My Kommando Sk 4a did not carry such an action in Poltawa, because it had neither a sub-kommando nor even a platoon which was ever stationed in poltawa. If this action is correct and corresponding to the facts, the Special Kommando 4b, which was actually stationed in Poltawa would have been responsible, or the EK5, which was detailed to this location. I don't know about the events as mentioned in the report.
Q. I shall put it to you, witness, that according to this document the total figure of people shot by the Sk 4a until 30 November 1941 is of 59,018 people. Will you please comment on this?
A. The total figure is in contradiction with logic. It is an addition to reported figures which contain different units and different territories. It is also an addition which was carried out by the Berlin Agency.
The units were mixed up and some figures have been doubled. The town, Boguslaw, Kochewatgo, Tscherepin, Shwaliwka, Justungrad, Wolodarka, Uman, Tyschy, Borispol, Koselez, are garrisons of the EK-5, but outside the sector of the activities of the unit. The locations, Kiew, Boguslaw, Tscherepin, Gornos taipol, Dymer, Poltawa, Ghermkow, Tschernigow, Charkow, Ostow, Oster, -- Ostow and Oster both-Lubni, Gornostaipol, Dymer and Poltawa are all within the sector of the rear army territory east of Kiev, which came under EK-5, under the leadership of Obersturmfuehrer Meyer. SK 4a, the actual SK 4a including this sub-kommando in the combat area carried out 107 shootings in Lubny farther east.
Q. Witness, before I now come to a new sector, I want to refer to another document. This document is contained in Document Book ii-C of the prosecution, on page 37 of the German text. It bears the exhibit number 74, Document No. 2827.
THE PRESIDENT: I didn't catch the document book number.
DR. HEIM: II-C.
Q. II-C, Exhibit 74, Document 2827. It is in the English Document Book on page 33. On page 34 of the English Document Book in the second paragraph from the top, it is on page 39 in the German document book, it says, I quote, it is page 34, second paragraph in the English. "on 7 November 1941, a sub-kommando of the SK 4a shot 385 Jews in Gornostaipol, according to martial law. These Jews had, for the greater part, been driven together into Gornostaipol from the surrounding villages. On its way back to Kiev, the sane Kommando shot 120 Jews in Dymer, and 30 Jews in Oster on the same day. This action Was carried out in cooperation with the Wehrmacht offices without any mishap." That is the end of my quotation. Witness, does this agree with the facts?
A. The actual SK 4a was never active in these villages. Gornostaipol and Oster were within the field of activities of EK 5; in this way, this report is not in agreement with the facts.
Dr. HEIM: Your Honor, I now take the liberty of offering Document Blobel No. 3 as Exhibit 3. It is the third photostatic chart. It is in the first document book, Blobel, which is headed with, "Breakdown for Subordination System of the SK 4a as from the middle of OctoberNovember, 1941."
Q. Witness, does this chart agree with the actual subordination system of the SK 4a in September, October, 194l, when the remainder of this Kommando was stationed in Kiev?
A. Yes, it is the exact reproduction of the subordination system in October and November, 1941.
A. Will you please give us a detailed description of this plan?
A. This chart contains three sectors. The rear army territory at the bottom; in the center, there is the combat area; the frontal area is at the top. In the rear army territory and operational territory, which at that time was a civilian administered territory, the Einsatzgruppe was stationed, first under Dr. Rasche and then under Dr. Thomas. The remainder of the kommando 4a, under my own leadership, was subordinated to Group C and was actually part of the frontal sector, but through changes in the personnel had remained in the garrison of the Group. The channel of command was: AUK 6 G-2 to the unit and from there to the sub-kommando. Orders of Group C to the sub-kommandos in the frontal sector were never given, because the commander of the ACK 6 had the sole power of command for the whole combat area. The channel of reporting of the sub-commands Was: G-2 of the Division to G-2 of the ACK 6 and from there to Group C and from there to the remainder of 4a, each time via the liaison officer with ACK 6. For the rear army territory there was an exchange of orders between ACK 6 and Group C. With the later curtailment of the rear army territory, which was conditioned by the Dnjepr River, this same channel of command remained Group C to ACK 6.
Kiev? frozen and the bridge had shifted. It was a very difficult march.
Q Whi was the destination of the SK 4-A?
A Charkow via Poltawa, there to report to the _OK 5 and then the march to the destination. There the field marshal had to be reported to. There was a personal discussion and then the assignment was
Q When did you reach your destination?
Q What happened then to the SK 4-A? the territory around Charkow and also the leaders eventually convened in Charkow.
Q Were there ports of the SK 4-a at this time? always been in this territory , was already in Charkow at this time.
Q Which was the sub-kommando that reached Charkow later? even farther to the Most and this Kommando reached its destination at a later date.
Q Was the whole kommando collected at Charkow now?
Q Did one kommando branch off from Kommando SK 4-a? SK 4-a was detailed.
Q Where was this supply kommando stationed?
Q What was the strength of this kommando?
Q What was the condition of the SK 4-a when it arrived in Charkow?
winter was completely exhausted, dirty, lazy and in a very poor condition. Part of the vehicles - as a consequence of the icy paths there were no actual roads at that time - were in a terrible state and needed repair.
Q For what tasks was SK 4-a detailed in Charkow? tion? of which it was assigned.
Q Was it increased?
assignment at Poltawa; defense measures had to be taken, because there
DR. HEIM: Your Honor, the last document from the Document Book Blobel No. 1, I take the liberty of offering this Blobel Document No. 4 as Exhibit No. 4. It is a photostatic chart headed, "Purely Military Assignment of the Special Kommando 4-a in the Sector Charkow in December 1941, January 1942." assignment of the SK 4-a, concerning the subordination system? 1942.
Q Herr Blobel, will you give some details to the Tribunal? and the distribution of individual units. In the lower part, the territory has been put in. In the rear army territory, the combat area has been put in. At the some time, the Dnjepr river shows the border of the rear combat territory. In the back there is the civilian administered territory, which has been put in at the upper third of the chart.
In the civilian administered territory, the SS and Police Leader was in command of Einsatzgruppe C. In the combat area, AOK 6, with its supreme commander and the subordinated Division C is marked in. In the last mentioned, there was the permanent liaison officer of the SK 4-a. A dotted line shows the channel of command of liaison officer to the supply kommando in the combat area of the SK 4-a. As this dotted line points out, there was a channel which went via the supply kommando 4-a to SK 4-a. Its force was in the frontal area or, at least near the frontal area. The SK 4-a, as is shown in the lower third of the chart was stationed in the defense regions around Charkow, together with other units. From the Division C of the AOK 6, as the full lines show, the orders went immediately to the commander of an army sector who was in charge of a number of defense sectors. The SK with a number of other units became a sector within the general defense sector; the sector commanders were immediately subordinated to it. The line leading from the AOK 6 to the division commander shows the immediate subordination system and frontal divisions were immediately in the front line, in special positions.
DR. HEIM: Your Honor, I think this would be the time to have a recess.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will be in recess until L;45.
(A recess was taken until 1345 hours.)
(The Tribunal reconvened at 1345 hours.)
THE MARSHAL: The Tribunal is again in session.
THE PRESIDENT: You may proceed. BY DR. EHIM: Blobel No. 4, which received Exhibit No. 4. This chart shows the military assignment of the SK 4-a in the Charkow area from December 1941 to January 1942. military assignment within the sector Charkow. of AOK 6 was assigned. Shortly after my arrival in Charkow we had negotiations with him and we discussed the situation. All officers of all units in and around Charkow participated in this discussion. the units, and the commanders, were assigned. The SK 4-a was assigned for day and night duty in the Charkow sector. Positions were taken up; engineers blasted the position; it was severe cold; alarm stages were ordered from one to three; territorial and road security was established; the Russians attacked in the southeast at various points. These break-throughs generally ended at the hedgehog position, generally behind the frontal position. About ten kilometers before advance raids against Charkow. Q What was your state of health at that time?
A Bad. I still suffered from Wolhynian fever because of exertions and strains.
THE PRESIDENT: I have heard reference to this fever now very many times; I have not yet got the name of it. Will the interpreter please spell it for me?
INTERPRETER: W-o-l-h-y-n-i-a-n.
THE PRESIDENT: Never heard about that particular type of fever, so it was quite a mystery to me as to what the word was.
DR. HEIM: I myself, although I have been a soldier in Russia, have not experienced it. But as far as I know, it is a disease, a fever, the cause of which apparently has not been discovered until this very day. Unfortunately, I am not able to give you a further statement about it as I have not experienced it myself. But perhaps the witness can give you a detailed statement.
THE PRESIDENT: No, I am not interested as a doctor to ascertain the symptoms of the disease. I merely wanted to know what the word was.
DR. HEIM: Your Honor, Wolhynian is a county in Russia, a district. It has many swamps - and as this fever has been influenced by the swamps and occurs in many cases in this district, it got this name Wolhynian fever.
THE PRESIDENT: Very well. Thank you very much. BY DR. HEIM:
Q Witness, you said that there were many cases of Wolhynian fever; what was the cause of this? against it; but the men also were taken with this fever, severely, or perhaps sometimes less severely. Suddenly one had high fever and just lay around for days - it was an intestinal disease.
Q How long did the disease affect you?
A From the end of December 1941 until March 1942. In February my state of health improved. Then I had a severe relapse in March 1942.
Q When were you detailed back to Berlin?
Q When did your successor take over SK 4-a?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, in February he was in Berlin, and I understood him to say he got the fever again in February.
DR. HEIM: Your Honor, the witness said he was recalled to Berlin -