Soon after the advent of power section.
He was particularly concerned with dogs, guinea pigs, which To confirm this, I refer to Goering's book called "Speeches and Articles, " published in 1940, by the Erich Grisbach Publishing House vivisection.
We will find this on page 298 of the document book.
"In order to stop the suffering of animals, I issue this decree merchandize."
the Tribunal. This is document 1919-PS. "We Germans are the only people who treat animals well."
At the meeting just mentioned Himmler also stated this; you will "If some woman would come to me and say, You can't build anti tank ditches with children and women; it is inhuman; they will die, consider such things."
Exhibit 46. It is a report of the Extraordinary State Commission on of Orel.
The Tribunal will find this place on page 334 of the document book; the last three lines of the page, and the next page.
"Those who were shot in the city were carried away and usually "In jail the executions took place in the following manner.
The men had to stand in line facing a wall, and the gendarmes (policemen) fired the pistols in the nape of the neck.
These shots injured vital spots and caused immediate death as a rule.
In those cases, at the nape of their necks.
Another method was to drag groups of the nape of the neck.
In the trenches, corpses of children were witnesses."
Region of Stavropol. I quote an extract on page 271 of the document "During the inspection of another ditch situated in the vicinity of the Kolsberg Hill and at a distance of 250 meters from the road," I skip the next phrase, "a washed out ridge of soil 10 meters deep from which protruded different parts of human corpses.
At this result of which 100 corpses were exhumed.
The judicial medical showed no traces of violent death.
The child was thrown into the ditch alive and perished from suffocation."
"Investigating infant corpses, the judicial medical investigation with their shot mothers.
On all other corpses were discovered traces of torture,"
THE PRESIDENT: Perhaps we had better break off now.
(A recess was taken at 12.45 hours.)
COLONEL SMIRNOV: Continuing the presentation of evidence on atrocities of German Fascist criminals with regard to children, I refer to the testimony of the witness Bespalov which is in the document already presented to the Tribunal as USSR Exhibit 32. The members of the Tribunal will find the place which I refer to on page 33, third paragraph in the document, column one in the document book. Bespalov testified:
"In the end of June last year I saw myself how up to 300 girls and women were brought on 10-to 12-ten trucks into the parkland. The unfortunates were tossing from side to side, crying, pulling their hair and stripping their clothes. Many fell unconscious, but the German Fascists paid no attention to this. By kicking and beating with rifle butts and sticks they forced them to get up, but those who did not get up, the executioners themselves stripped them and threw into the pits. Several girls -- among them children -- tried to run away, but they were killed.
"I saw how after a burst of fire from a machine-gun some of the women, staggering and helplessly flinging their arms, with heart-rending shrieks were marching toward the Germans. At this time the Germans were shooting them with pistols. Maddened with terror and grief, mothers clutched their children to their breasts, running with terrible shrieks back and forth in the forest clearing, looking for escape.
"The Gestapo members were snatching children from them, took them by the legs and arms and threw them alive into the pit and when the mothers ran after them to the pit they shot them. I quote one paragraph out of Exhibit USSR-9, already presented to the Tribunal. This is a report of the Extraordinary State Commission of the Crimes of the German Fascist Invaders in the City of Kiel. The members of this Tribunal will find this document on page 238, second column of the text, sixth paragraph.
"Hitler's bandits on the 22nd of September, 1941, drove thousands of the peaceful Soviet citizens to the corner of Melnik and Doktorovskaya Streets and from there to Babi Yar, where they shot them, after they had taken all their valuables from them.
"Citizens M.F. Petrenk and N.T. Gorbacheva, who lived near Babi Yar, stated that they had seen how the Germans threw babies into graves and buried them alive with their dead or wounded parents. One could see the surface of the ground. This marked the last struggles of the alive who were buried." inhuman terror practiced on children. The chiefs of German Fascism understood that this form of terror would be particularly awful foe those who remained alive. Compassion for the weak and the defenseless is a human trait. Applying their particularly barbaric methods to the children, the German Fascist criminals were showing the rest of the population that there is no crime, where is no cruelty at which they will stop for the purpose of "paci fying" the occupied territories.
Children did not simply share the fate of their parents. Frequently the acts of terror were directed against the children themselves. Children were forcibly taken from their parents, concentrated in one place and then murdered. to the Tribunal, entitled, "Concerning the Crimes of the German Invaders of the Territory of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic." The Tribunal will find the place I refer to on page 286, on the reverse side, in the second column, paragraph 5, in the document book.
"In the central jail in Riga they murdered more than 2,000 children, whom they had tern from their parents, and in the Salaspislky camp they killed more than 3,000 children." parents, especially those parents wh o were imprisoned in a concentration camp or in the ghetto, the Tribunal will learn about this from the report of the Extraordinary Commission on the Crimes of the Hitlerite Invaders in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. This document has already been submitted as USSR Exhibit 7 to the Tribunal. The members of the Tribunal will find the place referred to on page 295, first column, sixth paragraph. I omit the first paragraph where it is mentioned about the organization of the camp.
This has no direct relation to the matter of children, and I begin with the second paragraph, which shows what was done to children.
"In the beginning of 1944 the Germans in this camp forcibly took children aged from 6 to 12 and took them away. An inhabitant of the village of Kaunas, Vladislav Blum, testified: Heart-rending scenes took place in front of my eyes. The Germans took away the children from their mothers and sent them to -- nobody knows where. Many children perished when they were shot together with their mothers." about the crimes of the Hitlerite beasts. Here are some of them:
"Vengeance -- Let the whole world know and let it understand how beastly our children were exterminated -- Our days are reckoned -- Farewell -- Let the whole world know and lot it not fail to avenge us for our innocent children -Then let the whole world remember and understand all those atrocities which took place in the 20th Century that befell our innocent children. -- I haven't much time now and I am indifferent to everything now." Tribunal under No. USSR-63. This an official report on the torture and shooting of children in the Domachev Children's Asylum of the Brest Region in Byelo Russia. The members of the Tribunal will find it on page 223, reverse side, fifth paragraph, first column. I shall quote three or four paragraphs out of this document.
"By order of German occupation authorities of the District, the Chief of the Region of Prokopstschuk ordered the principal of the children's home, A.P. Pavljuk, to poison a sick child, Lena Renklach, 12 years old. After Pavljuk refused to carry out the order, the child was shot by policemen in the vicinity of the children's home, allegedly 'while trying to escape.' In order to save the children from starvation and death, one had distributed eleven of them among the local population in the year 1942 and 16 children were sheltered with their relatives."
I continue with my quotation:
"On the 23rd of September, 1942, at 7 o'clock in the evening, a five-ton truck appeared in the yard of the children's home, with six armed Germans in military uniform.
The group leader, named Max, declared that the children would be taken to Brest, and ordered that the children be brought to the truck. Fifty-five children and their teacher, Grocholskaja were transported away in the truck. One girl, 9 years old, Tossja Schechtmetov, succeeded in climbing out of the truck and running away. The remaining 54 and the teacher were driven away in the truck in the direction of the station Dubitz, which was located one and one-half meters from the village of Leplevca.
"The car stopped at a frontier emplacement 800 meters away from the River Western Bug, the children were unloaded from the truck and undressed -- which was shown by the fact that the children's clothes was found in the returning car -- and shot."
I omit the remaining mart of this official report. Children were torn in two while they were still alive and thrown into the fire. In confirmation of this, I refer to the testimony of the witness Hamaidas, a native of the village of Lisinchi in the Lvov Region, who was confined, by the Germans in the Yanov Camp in Lvov.
Hamaidas' job in the camp consisted of burning the corpses of those who had been shot. At the same time he could not help but be a witness to the mass shooting of the civilian population, including men, women and children. the Lvov carps, has already been submitted to the Tribunal as Exhibit USSR-68. Citing two lines from the testimony of Hamaidas, from page 55 of the document book, eleventh line from the bottom of the page:
"I was a witness to such facts. The executioner would seize children by the feet, tear them apart and throw them into the fire." did not consider it necessary to waste ammunition on the children. When they did not throw the children alive into the grave, then they often murdered them simply by hitting them with something heavy or striking their heads against the ground. the Tribunal under USSR Exhibit No. 6-5, the Report of the Extraordinary State Commission on the Crimes Committed by the German Fascist Invaders in the Cities of Lvov and Ravarusskaya, and the report of the medical commission which exhumed the bodies around the Yanov camp.
From the conclusions of this report I quote two lines:
"The executioners did not consider it necessary to waste ammunition on the children. They simply killed them by hitting them on the head with any available object, sometimes the butt of a gun". graph from the top, in the second column, the reverse side of the page. tortures. graph from a Note of the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR, dated April 27, 1942. The members of the Tribunal will find the place to which I refer on page 8, reverse side, second column, third paragraph.
"The invaders subjected children and adolescents to the most brutal tortures. Among the 160 children who were wounded and mutilated by torture, victims of the Hitler terror in he districts of the now liberated Moscow Region who were under going treatment in the Russakov Hospital in Moscow -there was, for instance the case of a 14-year old boy, Vanya Gromov, from the village of Novinki, whose right hand the Hitlerites amputated with a rusty saw after strapping him to a chair. The Germans chopped off both hands of 12year old. Vanya Kryukov, of the village of Kryukovo, in the Kursk Region, and drove him streaming with blood in the direction where Soviet troops were stationed." related in the document which confirm what has already been mentioned. man murder vans. In confirmation of this, I refer to the material already submitted as USSR Exhibit No. 1, which is the Report of the Extraordinary State Commission on the Crimes of the German Fascist Occupants in the Stavorpol Region. The members of the Tribunal will find the small excerpt on page 269 in the document book, fourth paragraph.
"It has been established that in December, 1942, by command of the Gestapo Chief for the City of Mikojan-Schachar, Lt. (Oberleutnant) Otto Weber, there took place an extraordinarily cruel massacre of Soviet children who were underoging treatment for tuberculosis of the bone in the sanatorium of the Teberda health resort.
Eye-witnesses to this crime, Nurse S.E. Ivanova and Sanitary Orderly M.I. Palpupanova, employed at the children's sanitorium, testified as follows:
"'On December 22, 1942, a German motor vehicle drove up to the entrance of Ward I of the sanatorium. Seven German soldiers, who had come with the vehicle, dragged from the sanatorium 54 seriously ill children, ranging in age from 3 years up, and placed them inside the vehicle, in several layers. Then they closed the door, let the carbon monoxide stream in, and drove away from the sanatorium. An hour later the vehicle returned to the Teberda settlement. All the children had died. The Germans then throw their bodies into the Teberda ravine near Gunatschgir.'" Children were also drowned in the open sea.
In confirmation of this, I refer to the already submitted documents, USSR Exhibit 63, on the report of the German atrocities in Sevastopol. The members of the Tribunal will find the place I am referring to on Page 236, reverse side, seventh paragraph, second column of the text. I quote:
"Besides the mass shootings, the Hitlerites carried the criminal drowning of peaceful citizens to the high sea.
"The Prisoner Cpl. Friedrich Heile of the troop battalion 2-19 MKA Naval Transport Company testified as follows:
"When I was in the port of Sevastopol, I saw how largo groups of peaceful citizens, among them women and children, were brought to the harbor. All the Russians were loaned on a tow barge. Several people resisted. However, they were beaten and driven on board forcibly. All together, around 3,000 people were loaded on. The cargo barges put out to sea. The weeding and the crying was heard for a long time in the harbor. Several hours passed and the barges returned to the harbor empty. I found out from the ship's crews that all the people were thrown into the sea."
criminals against schools, children's asylums, hospitals, and other children's institutions in Leningrad. Commission for investigation of the German crimes. This report is being submitted to the Honorable Tribunal as USSR Exhibit Number 85. I shall not quote long passages out of this report. I shall merely draw the Tribunal's attention to the fact that on page 347, Volume 2, paragraph 4, in the document book, the Judges may see for themselves the list of artillery targets on the part of German artillery which is testified by the logs of fighting units. The following are some of those targets:
"Number 736, a school in the Baburinsk Street.
Number 708, a mothers-nurses institute." testimony of the director of School Number 218, which the members of the Tribunal will find on page 346, volume 2, first paragraph. 13, testified:
"On the 18th of May 1942, School Number 218 suffered from artillery fire. The 12-year old boy, Lenja Isarow, was killed. A little firl, Dora Binamowa, moaned with main: 'Mommy, how can I exist now without logs?' she said. Leva Gendelev is bleeding to death. He was helped, but he doesn't need this help any longer. He died in the arms of his mother, who cried 'Damn Hitler.' because of his heart ailment. The teacher and all the pupils were victims."
I conclude my quotation dedicated to Leningrad. I omit two pages of the text, and I shall draw the Tribunal's attention to page 355, volume 2, second column, Paragraph 6. The members of the Tribunal will find there an already presented document. We submit this as USSR Exhibit Number 8. crimes of the German Government in Auschwitz. I shall quote several short passages out of the second entitled "The murderers of children; "but at the same time I ask the honorable members of the Tribunal to pay attention to page 47, page 48 of the album, and page 49, because the photo pictures which are on these pages are good evidence of how emaciated and exhausted those children were.
I omit the first paragraph, and I begin:
"It has been established by the Commission that children, ages from 8 to IS years of age, the Germans demanded that such children would perform as hard physical work as adults. Unbearable labor, beatings, torture, brought them soon to -a condition of complete emaciation and exhaustion. Then the children were murdered.
"Ex-prisoner Jacob Gordon, a doctor from Vilnius, testified:
"In the beginning of the year 1943 at camp Birkenau, 164 boys were selected They were brought to the hospital, and there they were killed by the injection of carbolic acid into the heart" Ex-prisoner Bakasch Waldraut of Dusseldorf, Germany, testified:
"In the year 1943, when we worked on the construction of a hedge around the crematorium Number 5, I myself saw how SS men threw several living children into the fire, and here is what some of the children themselves, who were saved by the Red Army, testify about the tortures to which they were subjected." refer to page 50 of the photographs of Auschwitz. experienced by these children because they were exposed to cold. I continue:
"A 9-year old boy, Andrasz Lerintsiakosz, a native of the city of Klez, Hungary, testified:
"After we had been driven to Block 22 in the camp we were beaten, and mainly by the German women who ware put over us as guards. They beat us with sticks. During my stay in the camp Dr. Mengele drew blood from me frequently. In November 1944, 194 children were transferred to the camp known as the Gypsy Camp. During checking it was found that one child was missing. After that the leader of the women's camp, Brandem, and her assistant, Mendel, drove us at 1:00 o'clock in the morning out in the open and left us standing there in the cold until noon." the last paragraph of this section:
"Among those children of Auschwitz who were examined by physicians, there were 180 children, 52 of them under eight years of age and 128 between the ages of 8 to 15 years. All came to the camp in the second half of 1944. That is, they spent between three to six months in the camp. All 180 children were immediately examined, and this examination established that 72 had, tuberculosis of the lungs or glands. 49 suffered from consequences of malnutrition, more serious condition of exhaustion, and 31 children had frostbites."
evidence Document Number USSR 92. It is a directive of the Administration of Agriculture, which is entitled "Treatment of Pregnant Women of NonGerman Origin." people the German Fascists attempted to murder children even in their mother's womb. the document book. I shall read two small paragraphs out of this:
"During the recent period there is considerable increase of birth rate among women of non-German origin. Because of this, several difficulties arise, not only as to using those people for labor but to a greater extent there is a menace of a social political character which cannot be under-evaluated."
I omit one paragraph and quote further:
"The simplest method to deal with such difficulties would be to inform our pregnant women of non-German nationality to inform those institutions which use those people for labor."
"Those institutions or officers must attempt to make women get rid of their children by operations." countries of Eastern Europe testifies to the fact that crimes perpetrated by Hitlerites in regard to the women will always be the most disgraceful page in the history of German Fascism.
I ask your permission, Mr. President, to present now those photo documents which I could not present before lunch. I hope this presentation will be more successful than before. principle of terrors. They are typical matters, and are stated in this document.
(Referring to slide) This is the shooting of one person. The photograph was found in the region of Moscow during the German attack on Moscow. It was found on a dead German.
(New slide) This is the shooting of four people. Those were four young people. They stand at the edge of a pit which was dug by themselves. The members of the Tribunal will see that the German Fascist criminals are laughing at the scene of shooting.
(New slide) Now will be shown the moment of the shooting itself. This is the very moment of shooting. The murder is being done by typical German methods, a shot in the back of the neck. The members of the Tribunal can convince themselves that the people who are shot here cried.
(New slide) Now, the pictures which I am demonstrating to the Tribunal are pictures which used to belong to a member of the Gestapo.
This is one of the mass actions. Here the murderers ordered people to undress. Here you see a girl who is undressed, and her brother, Jacob, is being undressed, as it was proven by investigation.
I emphasize that the pictures were taken in December. In December it is very cold in that region.
(New slide) Hire the naked women are condemned to shooting. They made them pose before the cameras. You see, besides women standing there you can see also a small girl who is trying to hide herself behind her mother, You see her on the left side.
(New slide) This picture is of the same period. In December these undressed women were being led to the scene of shooting.
(New slide) Here is another group of men being led to shootings There is also a small child following who is also being led to being shot. He is walking right close to his mother.
(New slide) Also another picture of a group of people being led to be shot.
(New slide) The moment of shooting. The actual moment of execution, This is in Leipzig. Consequently it isn't very clear, but you see a whole group of people and if you study the right part of the picture you will see automatic rifles. Note the position of the bodies. You will see very clearly that this picture was taken during the first period of occupation, because the bodies were thrown helter-skelter into the pit.
Later on they mode victims lie down in series or in ranks.
(New slide) This is the sa group. Here you see them being shot and also adolescents or children who also were subject to shooting.
(New slide) I have already reported on the Yanov Camp. The shooting usually was to the accompaniment of a death band, which used to play the Death Tango. A professor, who was also prisoner there, was in charge of this orchestra orband. This is the death band right here. Here to the right in white uniform you will see the chief of the camp, whom I reported to you in the first part of my presentation to the Tribunal.
(New slide) I ask you to pay particular attention to two things there. This is the Obergruppenfuehrer Gebaulen, who was the chief of the camp. The dog Rex follows him. The dog is very well known to us. The dog used to tear apart live people. The same orchestra is right next to it.
It is quite evident that the Obergruppenfuehrer is going to the scene of mass execution.
(New slide) The establishment of Fascist terror in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union, first of all, was testified by gallows, and here is one set of gallows. This picture was taken from the Gestapo archives. You see the gallows here. There is some woman who is pretty close to the Gestapo laughing at the gallows.
(New slide) This is the see * gallows, and the same bizarre market square. It is also taken from the archives of the Gestapo. are (New slide) Here/the materials which I have already presented to the Tribunal.
The Tribunal will remember that in some places for the whole length of the street there were bodies of the murdered suspended from the windows and gallows. Here is one of the streets in Lvov. I refer once again to the order of the Foreign Commissar Molotov where it says the same conditions existed in Kiev.
(New slide) This is the same street in Lvov, also a picture from the archives.
(New slide) But gallows were not the only means of execution. The guillotine was widely used, andhere are the chopped off heads of those who were victims in the Danzig prison. This picture was taken in the institute in Danzig where the bodies were taken.
(New slide) I shall not present a great number of pictures which relate to torture. I just take a new typical ones. This picture was taken during the period of battles in this front. Here a woman is being beaten. In the next picture you will see what the Gestapo men did to her afterwards. Give us the next picture, please.
(New slide) Here we cannot understand exactly what they are doing, whether she is being suspended by her hair or whether she is just simply being handed r suspended be her arms. The gesture of convulsion indicates that the loop is going around her neck. I ask you to pay attention to the face of the scoundrel who is hanging her.
(New slide) Here is one of the pictures which was taken from a dead Gestapo man. Ukrainian women are being made to run naked before the scoundrel (New slide) This is a picture which I show here so that it facilitates the understanding of the next section.
This is a grist mill for human bones. Here is the prisoner who was working this machine, and the bones of about 200 people went through this grist mill. As it was investigated by the Commission, about 200 cubic meters were produced by this machine. the Germans, and spoke specifically about extermination of children and about the beastly methods that were used by the Germans in regard to children. of the characteristic traits of fascist bestiality. people in different parts of eastern Europe. I present to the Tribunal excerpts from the report of the Polish Government, which the members of the Tribunal will find on page 127, second paragraph of the text. It is the so-called massacre in Anin. I quote:
"At the end of December 1939 a Polish policeman was shot in the vicinity of Warsaw by a bandit. Investigation shows that the murderer was in the restaurant in Anin near Warsaw. He went into the restaurant and opened fire, killing one policeman and wounding another. As a reprisal for this the Germans ordered, on the 26th of December, 1939, mass reprisal actions in a punitive expedition which was dispatched to the village. The troops, under the command of an officer, went to Warner and into the hiding place. Both of those locations were surrounded by a cordon of soldiers. The proprietor of the restaurant where this took place was immediately hanged, and his body was suspended before his house. At the same time the male population was dragged out of every house. In such a way about 170 people were gathered. The Germans ordered them to stand in the railroad, station with their faces towards the wall and their hands on their heads. In this way they had to stand for several hours. After documents were checked ever, some of them could go, but the vast majority was informed that they would be execute. After this they were taken to a field, broken into groups of 10 to 14 people in each, and they were shot with machine gunfire.
"The number of separate graves, which were found in the place of execution was up to 107. Among those executed were two doctors, 30 adolescents below 16 years of age, 12 old men above 60 years of age. One was an American citizen of Polish origin. He was shot together with his son." Piastoszyn and, I quote only an advertisement out of a German paper of the 23rd of October, 1939. This advertisement was also cited in the Polish report. I quote:
"In the Tuchel district, the farm of Volksdeutschen which is close to Pretzin, was burned, in the night of October 21 and October 22, by Polish bandits. The Volksdeutschen Fritz suffered from a heart ailment. Under dispatched into this locality in order to give those guilty bandits a lesson which would show that actions of this kind will be severely punished. as a reprisal, ten, Poles, who were known by their hostile actions towards Germany, were shot. The order was given to the Polish inhabitants of this location to rebuild the burned buildings and to pay for damage done." of the Jozefow massacre in Poland. The members of the Tribunal mil find this on page 128, second paragraph, in the document book:
"In the middle of January 1940 a family of German colonists in the village of Jozefow was robbed and murdered by bandits, as the Germans stated themselves in the newspapers later. A punitive expedition was sent to Jozefow."
I omit the next paragraph and then I continue:
"All non who were caught in Jozefow and vicinity even 11 year-old days, were arrested and shot on the spot. All together there were 300 people who, were murdered." an extremely cruel form. I quote the report of the Yugoslav Government, the section that deals with mass murder of the civilian population and the destruction of settlements.
I present to the Tribunal and ask it to accepts as evidence a photostat of the order of Lieutenant General Neidholt which is presented as USSR Exhibit 108. I quote the part which was incorporated into the report of the Yugoslav Government:
"Settlements Zagnsezde and Udor must be destroyed. The male population of this hamlet must be hanged. Women and children should be taken to Stolac." of the Yugoslav Government which, has to do with the fascist bestialities in Kragujevac.