criminals against schools, children's asylums, hospitals, and other children's institutions in Leningrad. Commission for investigation of the German crimes. This report is being submitted to the Honorable Tribunal as USSR Exhibit Number 85. I shall not quote long passages out of this report. I shall merely draw the Tribunal's attention to the fact that on page 347, Volume 2, paragraph 4, in the document book, the Judges may see for themselves the list of artillery targets on the part of German artillery which is testified by the logs of fighting units. The following are some of those targets:
"Number 736, a school in the Baburinsk Street.
Number 708, a mothers-nurses institute." testimony of the director of School Number 218, which the members of the Tribunal will find on page 346, volume 2, first paragraph. 13, testified:
"On the 18th of May 1942, School Number 218 suffered from artillery fire. The 12-year old boy, Lenja Isarow, was killed. A little firl, Dora Binamowa, moaned with main: 'Mommy, how can I exist now without logs?' she said. Leva Gendelev is bleeding to death. He was helped, but he doesn't need this help any longer. He died in the arms of his mother, who cried 'Damn Hitler.' because of his heart ailment. The teacher and all the pupils were victims."
I conclude my quotation dedicated to Leningrad. I omit two pages of the text, and I shall draw the Tribunal's attention to page 355, volume 2, second column, Paragraph 6. The members of the Tribunal will find there an already presented document. We submit this as USSR Exhibit Number 8. crimes of the German Government in Auschwitz. I shall quote several short passages out of the second entitled "The murderers of children; "but at the same time I ask the honorable members of the Tribunal to pay attention to page 47, page 48 of the album, and page 49, because the photo pictures which are on these pages are good evidence of how emaciated and exhausted those children were.
I omit the first paragraph, and I begin:
"It has been established by the Commission that children, ages from 8 to IS years of age, the Germans demanded that such children would perform as hard physical work as adults. Unbearable labor, beatings, torture, brought them soon to -a condition of complete emaciation and exhaustion. Then the children were murdered.
"Ex-prisoner Jacob Gordon, a doctor from Vilnius, testified:
"In the beginning of the year 1943 at camp Birkenau, 164 boys were selected They were brought to the hospital, and there they were killed by the injection of carbolic acid into the heart" Ex-prisoner Bakasch Waldraut of Dusseldorf, Germany, testified:
"In the year 1943, when we worked on the construction of a hedge around the crematorium Number 5, I myself saw how SS men threw several living children into the fire, and here is what some of the children themselves, who were saved by the Red Army, testify about the tortures to which they were subjected." refer to page 50 of the photographs of Auschwitz. experienced by these children because they were exposed to cold. I continue:
"A 9-year old boy, Andrasz Lerintsiakosz, a native of the city of Klez, Hungary, testified:
"After we had been driven to Block 22 in the camp we were beaten, and mainly by the German women who ware put over us as guards. They beat us with sticks. During my stay in the camp Dr. Mengele drew blood from me frequently. In November 1944, 194 children were transferred to the camp known as the Gypsy Camp. During checking it was found that one child was missing. After that the leader of the women's camp, Brandem, and her assistant, Mendel, drove us at 1:00 o'clock in the morning out in the open and left us standing there in the cold until noon." the last paragraph of this section:
"Among those children of Auschwitz who were examined by physicians, there were 180 children, 52 of them under eight years of age and 128 between the ages of 8 to 15 years. All came to the camp in the second half of 1944. That is, they spent between three to six months in the camp. All 180 children were immediately examined, and this examination established that 72 had, tuberculosis of the lungs or glands. 49 suffered from consequences of malnutrition, more serious condition of exhaustion, and 31 children had frostbites."
evidence Document Number USSR 92. It is a directive of the Administration of Agriculture, which is entitled "Treatment of Pregnant Women of NonGerman Origin." people the German Fascists attempted to murder children even in their mother's womb. the document book. I shall read two small paragraphs out of this:
"During the recent period there is considerable increase of birth rate among women of non-German origin. Because of this, several difficulties arise, not only as to using those people for labor but to a greater extent there is a menace of a social political character which cannot be under-evaluated."
I omit one paragraph and quote further:
"The simplest method to deal with such difficulties would be to inform our pregnant women of non-German nationality to inform those institutions which use those people for labor."
"Those institutions or officers must attempt to make women get rid of their children by operations." countries of Eastern Europe testifies to the fact that crimes perpetrated by Hitlerites in regard to the women will always be the most disgraceful page in the history of German Fascism.
I ask your permission, Mr. President, to present now those photo documents which I could not present before lunch. I hope this presentation will be more successful than before. principle of terrors. They are typical matters, and are stated in this document.
(Referring to slide) This is the shooting of one person. The photograph was found in the region of Moscow during the German attack on Moscow. It was found on a dead German.
(New slide) This is the shooting of four people. Those were four young people. They stand at the edge of a pit which was dug by themselves. The members of the Tribunal will see that the German Fascist criminals are laughing at the scene of shooting.
(New slide) Now will be shown the moment of the shooting itself. This is the very moment of shooting. The murder is being done by typical German methods, a shot in the back of the neck. The members of the Tribunal can convince themselves that the people who are shot here cried.
(New slide) Now, the pictures which I am demonstrating to the Tribunal are pictures which used to belong to a member of the Gestapo.
This is one of the mass actions. Here the murderers ordered people to undress. Here you see a girl who is undressed, and her brother, Jacob, is being undressed, as it was proven by investigation.
I emphasize that the pictures were taken in December. In December it is very cold in that region.
(New slide) Hire the naked women are condemned to shooting. They made them pose before the cameras. You see, besides women standing there you can see also a small girl who is trying to hide herself behind her mother, You see her on the left side.
(New slide) This picture is of the same period. In December these undressed women were being led to the scene of shooting.
(New slide) Here is another group of men being led to shootings There is also a small child following who is also being led to being shot. He is walking right close to his mother.
(New slide) Also another picture of a group of people being led to be shot.
(New slide) The moment of shooting. The actual moment of execution, This is in Leipzig. Consequently it isn't very clear, but you see a whole group of people and if you study the right part of the picture you will see automatic rifles. Note the position of the bodies. You will see very clearly that this picture was taken during the first period of occupation, because the bodies were thrown helter-skelter into the pit.
Later on they mode victims lie down in series or in ranks.
(New slide) This is the sa group. Here you see them being shot and also adolescents or children who also were subject to shooting.
(New slide) I have already reported on the Yanov Camp. The shooting usually was to the accompaniment of a death band, which used to play the Death Tango. A professor, who was also prisoner there, was in charge of this orchestra orband. This is the death band right here. Here to the right in white uniform you will see the chief of the camp, whom I reported to you in the first part of my presentation to the Tribunal.
(New slide) I ask you to pay particular attention to two things there. This is the Obergruppenfuehrer Gebaulen, who was the chief of the camp. The dog Rex follows him. The dog is very well known to us. The dog used to tear apart live people. The same orchestra is right next to it.
It is quite evident that the Obergruppenfuehrer is going to the scene of mass execution.
(New slide) The establishment of Fascist terror in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union, first of all, was testified by gallows, and here is one set of gallows. This picture was taken from the Gestapo archives. You see the gallows here. There is some woman who is pretty close to the Gestapo laughing at the gallows.
(New slide) This is the see * gallows, and the same bizarre market square. It is also taken from the archives of the Gestapo. are (New slide) Here/the materials which I have already presented to the Tribunal.
The Tribunal will remember that in some places for the whole length of the street there were bodies of the murdered suspended from the windows and gallows. Here is one of the streets in Lvov. I refer once again to the order of the Foreign Commissar Molotov where it says the same conditions existed in Kiev.
(New slide) This is the same street in Lvov, also a picture from the archives.
(New slide) But gallows were not the only means of execution. The guillotine was widely used, andhere are the chopped off heads of those who were victims in the Danzig prison. This picture was taken in the institute in Danzig where the bodies were taken.
(New slide) I shall not present a great number of pictures which relate to torture. I just take a new typical ones. This picture was taken during the period of battles in this front. Here a woman is being beaten. In the next picture you will see what the Gestapo men did to her afterwards. Give us the next picture, please.
(New slide) Here we cannot understand exactly what they are doing, whether she is being suspended by her hair or whether she is just simply being handed r suspended be her arms. The gesture of convulsion indicates that the loop is going around her neck. I ask you to pay attention to the face of the scoundrel who is hanging her.
(New slide) Here is one of the pictures which was taken from a dead Gestapo man. Ukrainian women are being made to run naked before the scoundrel (New slide) This is a picture which I show here so that it facilitates the understanding of the next section.
This is a grist mill for human bones. Here is the prisoner who was working this machine, and the bones of about 200 people went through this grist mill. As it was investigated by the Commission, about 200 cubic meters were produced by this machine. the Germans, and spoke specifically about extermination of children and about the beastly methods that were used by the Germans in regard to children. of the characteristic traits of fascist bestiality. people in different parts of eastern Europe. I present to the Tribunal excerpts from the report of the Polish Government, which the members of the Tribunal will find on page 127, second paragraph of the text. It is the so-called massacre in Anin. I quote:
"At the end of December 1939 a Polish policeman was shot in the vicinity of Warsaw by a bandit. Investigation shows that the murderer was in the restaurant in Anin near Warsaw. He went into the restaurant and opened fire, killing one policeman and wounding another. As a reprisal for this the Germans ordered, on the 26th of December, 1939, mass reprisal actions in a punitive expedition which was dispatched to the village. The troops, under the command of an officer, went to Warner and into the hiding place. Both of those locations were surrounded by a cordon of soldiers. The proprietor of the restaurant where this took place was immediately hanged, and his body was suspended before his house. At the same time the male population was dragged out of every house. In such a way about 170 people were gathered. The Germans ordered them to stand in the railroad, station with their faces towards the wall and their hands on their heads. In this way they had to stand for several hours. After documents were checked ever, some of them could go, but the vast majority was informed that they would be execute. After this they were taken to a field, broken into groups of 10 to 14 people in each, and they were shot with machine gunfire.
"The number of separate graves, which were found in the place of execution was up to 107. Among those executed were two doctors, 30 adolescents below 16 years of age, 12 old men above 60 years of age. One was an American citizen of Polish origin. He was shot together with his son." Piastoszyn and, I quote only an advertisement out of a German paper of the 23rd of October, 1939. This advertisement was also cited in the Polish report. I quote:
"In the Tuchel district, the farm of Volksdeutschen which is close to Pretzin, was burned, in the night of October 21 and October 22, by Polish bandits. The Volksdeutschen Fritz suffered from a heart ailment. Under dispatched into this locality in order to give those guilty bandits a lesson which would show that actions of this kind will be severely punished. as a reprisal, ten, Poles, who were known by their hostile actions towards Germany, were shot. The order was given to the Polish inhabitants of this location to rebuild the burned buildings and to pay for damage done." of the Jozefow massacre in Poland. The members of the Tribunal mil find this on page 128, second paragraph, in the document book:
"In the middle of January 1940 a family of German colonists in the village of Jozefow was robbed and murdered by bandits, as the Germans stated themselves in the newspapers later. A punitive expedition was sent to Jozefow."
I omit the next paragraph and then I continue:
"All non who were caught in Jozefow and vicinity even 11 year-old days, were arrested and shot on the spot. All together there were 300 people who, were murdered." an extremely cruel form. I quote the report of the Yugoslav Government, the section that deals with mass murder of the civilian population and the destruction of settlements.
I present to the Tribunal and ask it to accepts as evidence a photostat of the order of Lieutenant General Neidholt which is presented as USSR Exhibit 108. I quote the part which was incorporated into the report of the Yugoslav Government:
"Settlements Zagnsezde and Udor must be destroyed. The male population of this hamlet must be hanged. Women and children should be taken to Stolac." of the Yugoslav Government which, has to do with the fascist bestialities in Kragujevac.
Tribunal a certified photocopy of the order of the German Kommandatur at Kragujevac, in which the German Kommandatur admitted the shooting of 2,300 people. This document is being presented to the Tribunal and I ask the Tribunal to accept this as evidence as USSR Exhibit 74. I quote one sentence of the report of the Yugoslav Government report in regard to mass extermination in Kragujevac. This was a mass murder which was committed on the 21st of October, 1941, in Kragujevac by a German punitive expedition which was commanded by Major Koenig.
I omit the next two paragraphs and continue: their plan of extermination of the citizens of Kragujevac, especially exterminating the intelligenstia. As early as the beginning of October, the region commandant, Doctor Zimmerman, demanded of the director of schools in Kragujevac the regular attendance of the school children; otherwise, they would be considered diversionists. After such a threat, all school children regularly attended school. On the 18th of October, 1941 in accordance with a prepared list, all male Jews were arrested, and also all these who were considered to be communists. They were taken into prison, the barracks of the former Yugoslav auto transport Kommandatur, to a place called Stanovljansko. They were kept without any food until the 20th of October, and all were shot at around 6 o'clock in the evening. There were about 60 men. On the same day, the 20th of October, they began to pull in all of the male population of Kragujevac. into allpublic buildings and drove out of there all of the civil servants. Then out of high school and parochial institutes all professors and pupils from the fifth grade and higher were taken, together with the school directors.
I omit the next two sentences and then I quote:
"Together with others, all of the prisoners were taken into the barracks from the prison of Kragujevac. Then the order was given to them to go into the courtyard near the barracks. There all of their personal belongings were taken-away from them. The first people to be shot were these who were prisoners in the jail, approximately fifty men.
The rest of them were locked in the barracks. The next day, on the 21st of October, beginning at seven o'clock in the morning, they were led by groups into the so-called Stanovljansko- Field and there were shot with machine-gun fire. These who were not killed at once the Germans finished off with automatic rifles and guns."
I conclude my quotation and. I omit the next three paragraphs.
"It was forbidden to the relatives of the victims of this mass extermination to visit the place where the execution took place until the- burial of the victims was finished, and until all traces of the crimes were destroyed. The relatives of the victims were also forbidden to have any church masses or religious services. In the death notices in the newspapers it was forbidden to mention that mass shootings was the reason for death."
I omit the next five paragraphs and. I ask the Tribunal to pay particular attention to a short part of the report of the Yugoslav Government dealing with the so-called bloody or death march, notorious march which took place in the camp of Yarak. I quote this particular part that deals with that atrocious crime.
"In the beginning of September, 1941, a large German punitive expedition collected all of the male population from the ages of fourteen to seventy years and drove the men across the Save River into the settlement Yarak in Srom. This wasthe so-called 'bloody march'. Around 5,000 men had to ever the distance of twenty-three kilometers in double time both ways. These who could not stand it and who would, fall behind were ruthlessly shot on the spot. Because there were many old and weak people, the number of victims was great, especially in the crossing of the bridge of the Sava River."
I conclude this and I continue the next paragraph:
"On the way back they met another group which was composed of 800 peasants who had to cover the same distance. The treatment of the litter group was even more cruel. They had to walk with their arms raised, and run. On the route they were systematically murdered. Only 300 men of the group reached Yarak alive."
conclusion of my presentation of mass murders of civilian population in Yugoslavia, I ask the Tribunal to admit as evidence the public announcement of the chief of German armed forces in Serbia. This document is being presented to the Tribunal as USSR-200. Without any comments whatever, I simply quote this document, quoting the same quotation which is incorporated in the report of the Yugoslav Government. I begin it:
"The Chief of the Armed Forces in Serbia makes it known:
"In the Village of Skela, a communist detachment shot at a German military truck.
"It was established that several people in the village observed it and saw the preparation for this attack.
"It has been established that these inhabitants had an opportunity to start an alarm at the nearest place wherethere were Serbian Gendardarmes.
"It has been established that the inhabitants of the village could ales secretly inform German military trucks and cars about the attempt prepared against them. The inhabitants did not use this opportunity, and, therefore, found themselves on the side of the criminals.
"The Village of Skela was burned down completely. In several houses, during the burning of the village, there were explosions of ammunition. This serves aslproof of participation of the inhabitants of the village in the crime.
"All male inhabitants of the village or whom it was established that they were accomplices were shot."
I omit five pages of my presentation, and I draw the Tribunal's attention to the short quotations of the Greek Government's report, which are found on page 39 and 40 of the Russian text of this report and which serves as evidence of the fact that the same inhumane and cruel methods of shooting and mass extermination were being used by the Hitler criminals in the territory temporarily occupied by Greece. I begin my quotation:
"As soon as the Island Crete was occupied, the German Supreme Command proclaimed thatin the vicinity where, there were attacks on German soldiers, all the settlements will be burned to the ground and the inhabitants will be held responsible for it. In compliance with this announcement the first reprisals were taken.
Several people, in majority absolutely innocent, were shot, and the villages of Skini, Prassi and Kandanos" -- perhaps my accent may be different. I really do not know the pronounciation in Greek. -- "All these villages were burned down as a reprisal for an attack during the invasion of Crete, and in the place where those villages formerly were, there were posts with inscriptions in Greek and in German: Destroyed as a reprisal for brutal killing of the detachment of paratroopers and half a platoon of the engineers by armed men-and women.
"Measures of reprisal, which at first were temporary in character, later on became more andmore strict, especially after the resistance which was made by organized detachments throughout the country.
"In the beginning of 1943, the technique of reprisals was the same. The next day, after the act of sabotage or some other action which was committed by the Guerrilla Detachments near the village, the German troops appeared near this, village. The inhabitants used to be concentrated in the central square in the village or some other opportune place allegedly for the reason to hear a public announcement. Really they were shot on the spot with machine-gun fire. After this the Germans either burned or sometimes subjected it to artillery fire, first plundering.
They used to kill them openly in the streets, in houses, in the fields, regardless of their age or sex. There were cases when only the male population was subjected to mass shooting and went from sicteen years on up. In other cases, when men were successful in hiding in mountains, the Germans would execute old men, women and children who remained in villages in hopes that their age and their sex will serve as a defense for them.
"The villages Arachoea, Kalavryta, Distomon, Klisoura, Kommeno, Messovouni, may serve as an example.
"Some villages were destroyed merely for the reason that they were located in the region where Guerrilla Detachments were active." and then I continue my quotation:
"The number of murdered meople reaches the figure of 30,000 people." of the peaceful population in the territory USSR, from the testimony of eye witnesses the performances of the crime itself. In part we can also judge of them, on the basis of the material gathered by the legal-medical commission. I say "in part," because at the beginning of 1943, afraid of the retribution for the crimes committed, the Hitlerites began to destroy traces of their crimes. The excavated, exhumed, and burned the corpses. They ground the bones and straw the ashes on the field, and also used the slime (slag) from the crmation of corpses, and the bone flour for field fertilization, for road repair, and used it as fertilizer. crimes, it was impossible to destroy all the corpses of the murdered people. Going into the first mass shooting in the USSR was when thousands of people by proclamation were murdered in the town of Kiev. In order to have an idea of these killings, of these mass crimes, I ask the members of the Tribunal to refer to the order of the Extraordinary Commission document, which has already been presented to the Tribunal as USSR No.9. I quote from page 238, the last part of the third paragraph at the top. I begin:
"There were murders, tortures, and poison in the murder vans. In Kiev, v over 195,000 Soviet citizens, including in Babii Yar, over 100,000 men, women and, children, and all people. In Darnitza, over 68,000 Soviet prisoners of war and peaceful citizens. In the anti-tank ditch in the vicinity of Scretzk Camp and the camp itself, over 25,000 peaceful Soviet citizens and prisoners of war. Within the grounds of the Kirillov Hospital, 800 inmates of the lunatic asylum. Within the grounds of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, about 500 peaceful Soviet citizens." and I use two short excerpts from this page. I begin:
"In 1943, sensing the uncertainty of their position in Kiev, the occupants, attempting to conceal the traces of their crimes, excavated the tombs of their victims, and began to burn the corpses. For the work on burning of the corpses in Babii-Yar, the Germans recruited the inmates of the Syrezk Camp. SS Officer Topade was placed in charge of this work together with members of the Gendarmerie Johann Merker, and Focht, and the commander of the SS platoon, Rever. The witnesses, L.K. Ostrovski, S.B. Bryand, V.U. Davydov, P. YaSteuk, W.M. Brodski, who were fortunate to escape from the shootings in Babi-Yar on 29 September 1943, testified:
'As war prisoners, we were located in the Syrezk concentration camp, situated in the vicinity of Kiev. On 18 August, numbering 100 men, we were sent to Babi-Yar. There we were put into chains and were ordered to excavate and to burn the corpses of Soviet citizens who had been exterminated by the Germans. The Germans brought here granite monuments, and iron grills from the cemetery. From these monuments we made platforms on which we placed rails; on top of these rails we placed the iron grills. On the iron grills a layer of firewood was placed, and on top of this layer of firewood a layer of corpses. On the corpses again there was placed a layer of firewood, and all - or the whole was covered with gasoline. This system was employed in preparing layer after layer of corpses; then they were ignited. In each one of such "ovens" there was placed from 2,500 to 3,000 corpses. The Germans formed special crews (brigades) of people who were employed for the removal from the corpses of earrings, rings, and gold teeth.
After all the corpses were burned, new "ovens" were arranged, and so forth. The bones were ground into minute particles, and any ashes were strewn in the ditch so that no traces would be left. The men worked from twelve to fifteen hours per day.
'In order to expedite the work, the Germans used excavaters. From 18 August until the day of our escape, 29 September, approximately 70,000 corpses were burned," I close my quotation here. 2 of the document book, second column. This is the report of the Extraordinary State Commission of crimes in the territory of Latvia USSR, The place I refer to I show the Tribunal is the mentioning of the Hitlerites systematic carrying of of mass executions in the Forest of Bikernek. I quote this place, because further on we shall present the documentary record which refers in full detail to these mass shootings. I begin the quotation:
"In the Forest of Bikernek, located on the outskirts of Riga, the Hitlerites shot 46,500 Soviet citizens. The witnesses who lived in the vicinity of the -wood not far from this Forest testified: 'On Friday and Saturday, before Easter 1942, fully occupied busses went back and forth twenty-four hours a day from the town to the forest, I counted forty-one busses from the beginning of the morning on Friday to noon, -- forty-one busses passed my house. On the first day, Easter, many inhabitants, and I among, them, went into the forest to the place of the executions, saw there one large open pit where there were corpses of shot people women and children, naked, nude, or in their underwaer. There were traces of tortures on the corpses, women and children, many of whom had black and blue spots on their faces and on their heads. Some had their hands and fingers cut off; their eyes gouged out; their stomachs ripped opened."
I also quote one paragraph and continue "The commission discovered at the place of execution fifty-five graves, with a total area of 2885 meters."
I quote one more paragraph which was in this communication:
"In the Forest of Dreilein, five or seven kilometers from Riga, along the crosscountry highway to Luban, the Germans, I say, shot over 13,000 peaceful Soviet citizens and prisoners of war." The witness Ganus testified:
"Beginning of August 1944, the Germans organized excavation crews to open the graves, and they were burned the bodies throughout the whole week. The Forest was surrounded by German guards with machine guns. After 20 August, black-closed autocars filled with women and children, among whom one-third of the people were women, children, and so=called refugees from Riga began to arrive: They were shot and their bodies were burned at once. I had hidden in the brush and watched the terrible scene. The people cried terribly. I heard shouts of murderers, butchers, hangmen, and executioners, and the children cried, Mama, don't leave me. The bullets of the murderers interrupted their cries." I conclude this document because it is more or less repetitious, and because I want to call the Tribunal's attention to the fact that in this Forest there were 38,000 people who were shot. the Tribunal as USSR-47, the report of the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission on crimes committed by the Germans in Odessa and the Odessa Region. I shall refer to two short excerpts, and the two paragraphs are very short. The one place I would like to quote to the members of the Tribunal will be found on page 287, volume 1, second column of the text, the fifth paragraph, and I begin:
"On 21 December 1943 the Rumanians started executing the inmates of the camp. The inmates, under guard, were driven to the building which is found on the edge of the forest. There they were made to kneel down near the ditch, and then they were shot. The people who were shot, and sometimes, the people who were only wounded, used to fall into the bottom of the ditch, where there was a gigantic bonfire built, and the small children were thrown by the executioners, alive, into this fire. Burning of the corpses was going on around the clock." Tribunal to refer to page 283, second column, third paragraph where there is, in summary fashion, a resume of the statements contained. Commission, the German-Rumanian occupants shot, turtored and burned in Odessa and the Odessa region up to 200,000 people. criminals would bury in the ground people who were still alive during the mass executions, I submit to the Tribunal, under USSR Number 37, the report of the Extraordinary State Commission, dated 24 June 1943, and I am going to quote the report, which the members of the Tribunal will find on page 259 in the second volume of the document. The place that I refer to is to be found on page 362: Kupinsk 71 bodies were discovered. Among them were corpses of 52 men, 18 female corpses, and one corpse of an infant. All the people shot were without footwear, and some of them were without any clothes at all. I begin the quotation at paragraph 4 "The Commission notes that there were many who did not have fatal wounds, and evidently they were thrown into the pit and murdered while still alive.
It has also been testified to by citizens who used to pass near this pit soon after the shooting, and they saw how the ground was stirring on the top of the pit, and they heard groans coming from under the ground."
record as an official act of the Extraordinary Commission, the report and interrogation of the witness who was testifying before the Prosecutor of the city of Stanoslav. This document is being presented to the Tribunal as Exhibit 346. I shall quote two paragraphs:
"In the beginning of 1943 we burned people there in the cemetery where we took some firewood. There were cases when women and children were thrown into the pits alive and were murdered in the ground.
"One woman, whose name I do not know, begged an officer not to shoot her, and he gave her his word that she would not be shot. He even said, I give an officer's word that you will not be shot', and after the group of which this woman was a member had been shot, this officer grabbed her and while she was alive, he threw her into the pit, and I buried her while she was alive." criminals in order to give a special cruelty. In other case, this burying alive was because the murderers did not consider it necessary to see whether the people who were being exterminated were still alive or dead. the Germans could not destroy traces, snows that at the end of 1941 and in 1942- the criminals did not particularly attempt to hide or mask the places of mass shootings, in spite of the instructions about keeping secret so-called mass executions. I think it can be explained by the fact that the Germans, though they had suffered already in individual battles, were still absolutely certain of their final victory. Later on, this was changed. Tribunal as Exhibit USSR 28, a report of the Extraordinary Commission about atrocities committed by Germans in the region of Stalinsk. There is a report of the Medical-Legal Commission about the atrocities in the alabaster quarries in the vicinity of the city of Artemovsk. I shall quote only a few brief excerpts from this large document, which is an official report. members of the Tribunal will find the following: